Articles

• 1. Bärtsch P, Baumgartner RW, Waber U, Maggiorini M, Oswald O. Comparison of carbon-dioxide-enriched, oxygen-enriched, and normal air in treatment of acute mountain sickness. Lancet 1990 ; 336 : 772-775.
• 2. Bärtsch P. Enhanced exercise-induced rise of aldosterone and vasopressin preceding mountain sickness. J Appl Physiol 1991 ; 711(1) : 136-138.
• 3. Bärtsch P. Treatment of high altitude diseases without drugs. [Review] [29 refs]. Int J Sports Med 1992 ; 13 Suppl 1 : S71-S74.
• 4. Bärtsch P. Aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone and atrial natriuretic peptide in acute mountain sickness. In : Sutton JR, Coates G, Houston CS, editors : Hypoxia and moutain medicine, Burlington, Vt 1992, Queen City Press.
• 5. Bärtsch P. Klinik und Pathophysiologie der Höhenkrankheiten. [Review] [23 refs]. Ther Umsch 1993 ; 50 : 216-220.
• 6. Bärtsch P, Müller A, Hofstetter D, Maggiorini M, Vock P, Oelz O. AMS and HAPE scoring in the Alps. In Hypoxia and Molecular Medicine (proceedings of the 8^th International Hypoxia Symposium held at Lake Louise, Canada, February 9-13, 1993), Queen City Printers Inc., Burlington, Vermont, 1993, pp. 265-271.
• 7. Bärtsch P. High altitude pulmonary edema. [Review] [91 refs]. Respiration 1997 ; 64 : 435-443.
• 8. Bernhard WN, Schalick LM, Delaney PA, Bernhard TM, Barnas GM. Acetazolamide plus low-dose dexamethasone is better than acetazolamide alone to ameliorate symptoms of acute mountain sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 1998 ; 69 : 883-886.
• 9. Bradwell AR, Wright AD, Winterborn M, Imray C. Acetazolamide and high altitude diseases. Int J Sports Med 1992 ;13 Suppl 1 : S63-S64.
• 10. Brunner H. Der Fall aus der Praxis (245) : akute Höhenkrankheit mit Verdacht auf Höhenlungenödem. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 1992 ; 81 : 779-780.
• 11. Cogo A, Basnyat B, Legnani D, Allegra L. Bronchial asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness at high altitude. Respiration 1997 ; 64 : 444-449.
• 12. Cogo A, Legnani D, Allegra L. Respiratory function at different altitudes. [Review] [27 refs]. Respiration 1997 ; 64 : 416-421.
• 13. Ellsworth AJ, Meyer EF, Larson EB. Acetazolamide and dexamethasone use versus placebo to prevent acute mountain sickness on Mount Rainer. West J Med 1991 ; 154 : 289-294.
• 14. Hackett PH, Rennie D. The incidence, importance, and prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness. Lancet 1976 ; 2 : 1149-1155.
• 15. Hackett P, Rennie D. Acute mountain sickness [letter]. Lancet 1977 ; 1 : 491-492.
• 16. Hackett PH, Rennie D. Avoiding mountain sickness [letter]. Lancet 1978 ; 2 : 938.
• 17. Hackett PH, Rennie D. Rales, peripheral edema, retinal hemorrhage and acute mountain sickness. Am J Med 1979 ; 67 : 214-218.
• 18. Hackett PH, Roach RC, Hartig GS, Greene ER, Levine BD. The effect of vasodilators on pulmonary hemodynamics in high altitude pulmonary edema : a comparison. Int J Sports Med 1992 ; 13 Suppl 1 : S68-S71.
• 19. Hackett PH, Roach RC. High Altitude medecine. In: Auerbach PS. Wilderness medicine, Edition Mosby, 1995 ; 1-37
• 20. Hackett PH, Yarnell PR, Hill R, Reynard K, Heit J, McCormick J. High-altitude cerebral edema evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging : clinical correlation and pathophysiology. JAMA 1998 ; 280 : 1920-1925.
• 21. Hackett PH. High altitude cerebral edema and acute mountain sickness. In : Roach RC, Hypoxia into the next millennium. Edition Plenum publishing, New-York, 1999
• 22. Hanaoka M, Kubo K, Yamazaki Y, Miyahara T, Matsuzawa Y, Kobayashi T, Sekigushi M, Ota M, Watanabe H. Association of high-altitude pulmonary edema with the maor histocompatibility complex. Circulation 1998 ; 97 : 1124-1128.
• 23. Honigman B, Theis MK, Koziol-McLain J, Roach R, Yip R, Houston C, Moore LG, Pearce P. Acute mountain sickness in a general tourist population at moderate altitudes [published erratum appears in Ann Intern Med 1994 Apr 15 ; 120(8) : 698]. Ann Intern Med 1993 ; 118 : 587-592.
• 24. Hultgren HN. High altitude pulmonary edema : hemodynamic aspects. [Review] [59 refs]. Int J Sports Med 1997 ; 18 : 20-25.
• 25. Kayser B. Acute mountain sickness in western tourists around the Thorong pass (5400m) in Nepal. J Wilderness Med 1991 ; 2 : 110-117.
• 26. Kayser B. Lactate during exercise at high altitude. Eur J Appl Physiol 1996 ; 74 : 195-205.
• 27. Larsen NA. Increase of cerebral blood flow at high altitude : its possible relation to AMS. Int J Sports Med 1992 ; 13 Suppl 1 : S47-S48.
• 28. Larson EB, Roach RC, Schoene RB, Hornbein TF. Acute mountain sickness and acetazolamide. Clinical efficacy and effect on ventilation. JAMA 1982 ; 248 : 328-332.
• 29. Lobenhoffer HP, Zink RA, Brendel W. Höhenbedingte Erkrankungen. Warnsymptome, Therapie und Prophylaxe. Z Allgemeinmed 1982 ; 58 : 1494-1502.
• 30. Maggiorini M, Buhler B, Walter M, Oelz O. Prevalence of acute mountain sickness in the Swiss Alps. BMJ 1990 ; 301 : 853-855.
• 31. Maggiorini M. Prophylaxe und Therapie der Höhenkrankheiten. [Review] [35 refs]. Ther Umsch 1993 ; 50 : 221-227.
• 32. Maggiorini M, Muller A, Hofstetter D, Bärtsch P, Oelz O. Assessment of acute mountain sickness by different score protocols in the Swiss Alps. Aviat Space Environ Med 1998 ; 69 : 1186-1192.
• 33. Milledge JS. Salt and water control at altitude. Int J Sports Med 1992 ; 13 Suppl 1 : S61-S63.
• 34. Moore LG, Curran-Everett L, Droma TS, Groves BM, McCullough RE, McCullough RG, Sun SF, Sutton JR, Zamudio S, Zhuang JG. Are Tibetans better adapted ? Int J Sports Med 1992 ; 13 Suppl 1 : S86-S88.
• 35. Murdoch DR. Symptoms of infection and altitude illness among hikers in the Mount Everest region of Nepal. Aviat Space Environ Med 1995 ; 66 : 148-151.
• 36. Naeije R. Pulmonary circulation at high altitude. [Review] [51 refs]. Respiration 1997 ; 64 : 429-434.
• 37. Oelz O. Physiological profile of world-class high altitude climbers. J Appl Physiol 1986 ; 60(5) 1734-1737.
• 38. Oelz O, Maggiorini M, Ritter M, Noti C, Waber U, Vock P, Bärtsch. Prevention and treatment of high altitude pulmonary edema by a calcium channel blocker. Int J Sports Med 1992 ; 13 Suppl 1 : S65-S68.
• 39. Ou LC, Tenney SM. Properties of mitochondria from hearts of cattle acclimatized to high altitude. Respir Physiol 1970 ; 8 :151-153.
• 40. Richalet JP, Kéromès A, Carillion A, Mehdioui H, Larmignat P, Rathat C. Réponse cardiaque à l'hypoxie et susceptibilité au mal des montagnes. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1989 ; 82 Spec No 2 : 49-54.
• 41. Richalet JP, Hornych A, Rathat C, Aumont J, Larmignat P, Rémy P. Plasma prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxane in acute high altitude hypoxia. Respir Physiol 1991 ; 85 : 205-215.
• 42. Richalet JP. High altitude pulmonary oedema : still a place for controversy? [editorial]. [Review] [133 refs]. Thorax 1995 ; 50 : 923-929.
• 43. Roach RC, Bärtsch P, Hackett PH, Oelz O and the Lake Louise AMS Scoring Consensus Committee. The Lake Louise Acute Mountain Sickness Scoring System. In Hypoxia and Molecular Medicine (proceedings of the 8^th International Hypoxia Symposium held at Lake Louise, Canada, February 9-13, 1993), Queen City Printers Inc., Burlington, Vermont, 1993, pp. 272-274.
• 44. Roach RC, Greene ER, Schoene RB, Hackett PH. Arterial oxygen saturation for prediction of acute mountain sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 1998 ; 69 : 1182-1185.
• 45. Salvaggio A, Insalaco G, Marrone O, Romano S, Braghiroli A, Lanfranchi P, Patruno V, Donner CF, Bonsignore G. Effects of high-altitude periodic breathing on sleep and arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation. Eur Respir J 1998 ; 12 : 408-413.
• 46. Samaja M. Blood gas transport at high altitude. [Review] [46 refs]. Respiration 1997 ; 64 : 422-428.
• 47. Samaja M, Mariani C, Prestini A, Cerretelli P. Acid-base balance and O₂ transport at high altitude. Acta Physiol Scand 1997 ; 159 : 249-256.
• 48. Sampson JB, Kobrick JL. The environmental symptoms questionnaire : revisions and new filed data. Aviat Space Environ Med 1980 ; 51 : 872-877.
• 49. Sampson JB, Cymerman A, Burse RL, Maher JT, Rock PB. Procedures for the measurement of acute mountain sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 1983 ; 54 : 1063-1073.
• 50. Savourey G, Guinet A, Besnard Y, Garcia N, Hanniquet AM, Bittel J. Evaluation of the Lake Louise acute mountain sickness scoring system in a hypobaric chamber. Aviat Space Environ Med 1995 ; 66 : 963-967.
• 51. Sutton JR, Bryan AC, Gray GW, Horton ES, Rebuck AS, Woodley W, Rennie ID, Houston CS. Pulmonary gas exchange in acute mountain sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 1976 ; 47 : 1032-1037.
• 52. Swenson ER, MacDonald A, Vatheuer M, Maks C, Treadwell A, Allen R, Schoene RB. Acute mountain sickness is not altered by a high carbohydrate diet nor associated with elevated circulating cytokines. Aviat Space Environ Med 1997 ; 68 : 499-503.
• 53. Wright AD, Jones GT, Fletcher RF, Mackintosh JH, Bradwell AR. The Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire in acute mountain sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 1985 ; 56 : 572-575.
• 54. Yoneda I, Watanabe Y. Comparisons of altitude tolerance and hypoxia symptoms between nonsmokers and habitual smokers. Aviat Space Environ Med 1997 ; 68 : 807-811.

Monographies

• Philippe Isabelle, Guide médical des espaces sauvages, édition Olizane, Genève, 1998.
• West John B, High Altitude Physiology, Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, 1981.
• Auerbach Paul S., Wilderness medicine, Mosby, 1995
• Ward Michael P, Milledge James S, West John B, High Altitude Medicine and Physiology, Chapman & Hall Medical, London, second edition, 1995.

Annexe 1 : Questionnaire

(General information. Please fill out in Manang)

This is a survey of high altitude related health-problems around the Thorong pass. Please fill in this questionnaire the coming days when you cross the pass. After the crossing you can turn it in to the HRA-post in Manang or in Muktinath, depending on the way you are trekking. You can also turn it in at our HRA-office in Kathmandu or post it to the HRA, PO Box 495, Kathmandu.

Please read the instructions carefully and be sure to answer all questions.

Thank you very much and have a nice trek!

Annexe 2 : Abréviations utilisées

AIT

Accident Ischémique Transitoire

AMS-C

Acute Mountain Sickness - Cerebral.

AMS-R

Acute Mountain Sickness - Respiratory.

AVC

Accident Vasculaire Cérébral

BPCO

Bronchopneumopathie Chronique Obstructive

ESQ

Environmental symptom questionnaire

LLSS

Lake Louise Scoring System

MAM

Mal Aigu des Montagnes

OCHA

OEdème Cérébral de Haute Altitude

OPHA

OEdème Pulmonaire de Haute Altitude

RVH

Réponse Ventilatoire à l'Hypoxie