Initially the PrintFile is not active, i.e. by default results appear only on the screen. A PrintFile is activated with the PRINT ALL, PRINT REQUEST or the PRINT QUERY commands, setting one of the PrintFile modes:
The PrintFile contains all output from the analysis commands. Normally the results are identical to what you see on the screen. With some commands however more information appears in the PrintFile, e.g. many commands show the variable descriptors in addition to the variable labels; a few commands have special options, e.g. PLOT BIG, producing only output to the PrintFile (no screen output at all). A number of commands (for instance the plot inspect (PI)) module do not produce output to the PrintFile, unless you select a specific option when entering the module. [in order to avoid too much unwanted output in situations where you are interactively and iteratively fine tuning your analysis.]
The basic command to know about is the PRINT command, used to control the PrintFile. PRINT is used to activate the PrintFile and to manage it. Whenever a PrintFile is open and you leave EDA using the QUIT command EDA will ask what to do with the PrintFile, i.e. printing, deleting, keeping or reviewing. The same possibilities are offered from within EDA (i.e. without leaving EDA) as options of the PRINT command.
Important: It is essential to understand that EDA does not keep any results for printing before a PrintFile is explicitly activated by the user. The examples below illustrate the use of the PRINT command and the various print file modes.
The example uses the PRINT ALL mode.
> <more commands> >BOXPLOT 1 >STEMLEAF >PRINT ALL >LIST 1-10 SORTED CODED >FACTOR 1-10 >C1 LIST >C2 1 2 PLOT >QUIT
Nothing is kept for printing UNTIL the PRINT ALL command is issued. The output from the LIST command through the C1 command is placed into the PrintFile. When QUITting EDA will display the following prompt:
>>PrintFile P[rint]*,D[elete],K[eep] H[tml] or R[eview]:?
i.e. asking, what the user wants to do with the PrintFile. Print is the default (as indicated by the star), i.e. if you just hit <return> the file will be sent to the printer. The other options are requested by typing the first letter. D deletes the PrintFile, K keeps the results in a file for later use, H produces a HTML file and R lets you review it (see the REVIEW processor below).
Note some EDA versions offer additional options:
>>Printfile P[rint]*,E[dit] D[elete] K[eep] H[tml] R[eview]?:
The Edit options will call the system text editor with the contents of the PrintFile.
On most systems K[eep] EDA will ask you to enter a file name for the print file, on other systems EDA will just give you the - automatically generated - PrintFile name.
The next example illustrates the PRINT REQUEST command:
> <more commands> >PRINT REQUEST >BOXPLOT 1 >STEMLEAF >P ! PRINT and P are identical >LIST 1-10 SORTED CODED >FACTOR 1-10 >C1 LIST >P >C2 1 2 PLOT >QUIT
PRINT REQUEST activates the PrintFile in request mode. In this example only the results from the STEMLEAF and C1 LIST commands are placed in the print file, as they are followed by the P or PRINT command. All other results are not kept.
The final example shows the PRINT QUERY mode. After each command you will be asked whether the current image is to be copied to the PrintFile or not.
>stemleaf 1 26 cases Stemleaf:ICult(1) Culture initiative Legend: 6|2 stands for 7.2; 26|1 for 26.1 6|26 8|3 10|122015 12|8868 14|13678 16|9 18|9 20|914 22| 24|29 26|1 PRINT [Y*/N]?:
Whenever you answer by typing Y (default indicated by the * symbol) or hitting the return key the stem and leaf plot will be copied to the PrintFile. You may change the default.
ALL EDA command lines may contain a global switch. Two of them /D and /P deal with the PrintFile. /D means "do not display" and /P "do not print", i.e. when you type e.g. BOXPLOT 1-10 PARALLEL /P and a PrintFile is active, the output will only be displayed, i.e. /P suppresses the output to the print file for that command. BOXPLOT 1-10 PARALLEL /D on the other hand would only place the output into the PrintFile and nothing would appear on the screen.
PRINT
Control print modes
PRINT ALL ["fname"] PRINT REQUEST ["fname"] PRINT QUERY ["fname"] [NO_IS_DEFAULT] PRINT OFF
Print in request mode PRINT P
Control PrintFile
PRINT | STATUS | SEND [NEW] | PRINT | HTML [<hopt>] | DELETE or DROP [NEW] | RESTART | KEEP or STOP or TERMINATE ["name"]* [NEW]
PRINT REVIEW [HISTORY] [PRETTY | FORMATTERC] [DELETE] [NOHEAD] [NODELINPUTFILE] [LINEDISP=N] [NEW]
<hopt> ["nam"] [NODELETE_PF] [CUTOFF=min_lines] [POPUP_TOC] [{NO}ADDLINKS][IGNORE_STYLE][BROWSE]
This command controls the EDA PrintFile (PF). In order to keep track of output produced to the interactive screen, the user activates the PrintFile (PF). It may be activated in three distinct modes: ALL mode, QUERY mode and REQUEST mode.
(*) Note: Internally QUERY and REQUEST are identical. For this reason you may also use the P/PRINT command with the QUERY mode, i.e. you may, e.g. when you have answered N after the image, still ask to store the image in the PrintFile using P or PRINT command.
At program termination EDA will ask, what to do about with PrintFile (Print it, Keep it etc). The same options are available at any point using various options of the PRINT command described here.
Normally the file name is time/date based. However the user may specify a name using "fname". If you need to know the PrintFile name, it is is displayed with the PRINT STATUS or the STATUS commands, as well as the print modes.
Several printers may be available to you. (See HELP SYSTEM or other local documentation for details). There is always a default printer and on many systems PRINT SEND alone will send the output to the nearest printer. Other printers may be used, but you will have to change the printer using the SET PRINTER command (see STAT PRINTER LIST for a list of available printers). See SET PRINTER for details on how to change printers and your local documentation for additional details.
Note this may also be used to discard the PrintFile header, when this command is issued just after a PrintFile has been opened.
Depending upon the EDA implementation and on the working mode (interactive) this options prompts for a name you want to use with the PrintFile. The default is a automatically built file name, e.g. E3456.EPR (numbers base on date and time). If you just hit the return key this name will be kept; otherwise the name you type in will be used instead. You may also use a "name" on the command line, then you will not be prompted for a new file name (unless there is a problem with the name you have specified).
If the prompt does not show, EDA displays the file name it uses. (This in fact means that your EDA version cannot rename files automatically).
By default EDA will ask for a name for the HTML file and then produce the output file. (no need to specify the .htm extension)
Various options may be used to control the process:
STATUS displays information on the PrintFile: its current status and name.
On most implementations the temporary location will be a scratch file, i.e. whenever you do not have enough disk space an error might occur (reporting an error on the PRINT scratch file) referring to that file.
As, technically speaking, REQUEST and QUERY are the same, it is possible to use the PRINT/P command.
REVIEW calls the EDA PrintFile review processor, i.e. a module allowing for PrintFile reviewing. This module has its own commands.
Normally the EDA PrintFile contains the same (or extended) output as shown on the interactive terminal. At the end of each print image (i.e. output produced by a single EDA command) you will find the command line used to produce the image, preceded by the >>> sign. As the insertion of the >>> sign is suppressed by the SET ECHO OFF command, you should not use SET ECHO OFF, if you wish to REVIEW the PrintFile; otherwise the whole PrintFile will be considered as a single image. With the exception of the TED PRINT facility, limited to a single (last) image, no other editing facility is provided. Here the review processor may help.
The review processor goes through the PrintFile, reading each image, displaying the first lines and asking the user whether she/he wishes to keep or to delete from the final output file. (In fact REVIEW reads the normal PrintFile and produces a "nicer" output file, which is different from the first one).
There are basically two modes, keep mode and delete mode, i.e. default in the first mode is to keep (prompt is keep?) an image, in the second to delete it (prompt del?). Default is signaled by a carriage return (blank command).
The remaining options of the PRINT REVIEW command are used to set initial modes, which may also be set internally with the O(ptions) command, where you will find the complete explanations.
NOHEADER suppresses the title section (EDA logo) from the PrintFile.
REVIEW is a special processor with its own commands. The REVIEW processor recognizes the following (single letter) commands:
The commands are hopefully self-explanatory, with the exception of the options command. You may specify the following options:
Options Cutoff=lines sets the cutoff value (images to be discarded) [NO]HISTORY turns history generation on or off [NO]PRETTY controls pretty mode KEEP sets keep mode (default mode) DELETE sets delete mode DISPLAY=lines sets the number of first lines to be displayed. NOFORMATC do no longer add formatter commands. NODELFILE do no delete input file at the end of REVIEW
KEEP and DELETE set the current mode. Default mode is keep mode. DELETE mode may also be set when invoking review.
DISPLAY=lines (defaults to 5) controls the number of first lines to be displayed from each image, when reading it. To see more from the image (temporarily) you may use the P command, displaying the first (terminal) page from the current image.
[NO]PRETTY (default NOPRETTY; pretty may also be set when calling REVIEW) controls the pretty mode. While in pretty mode each image produces a new printer page and provides also page numbers. This mode should be used with circumspection, as it is not very ecological. The Nopretty mode separates single print images with a special line, containing also the command used to produce the image. Pretty mode has a header line on top of each page, including the command having produced the image, a page number and date and time.
[NO]HISTORY (default nohistory, may also be set when calling review) History mode produces a file containing all commands used to produce the current PrintFile; the file produced might be used later on as a command file. Note that when turning on and off several times the history mode, several files are produced (its name is obtained from the user).
CUTOFF=nlines sets the cutoff value to nlines (default 1). Cutoff means that images containing less or equal nlines lines will be automatically discarded from the output file and they will not appear on the screen either. This is mainly used to eliminate sequences of single commands which produce single line output like the GENERATE command, not producing output you normally wish to keep). Note that cutoff never inhibits the generation of the history file, i.e. the history file will always contain all commands processed in history mode.
It is possible to add lines in front of each image and at the end of each image. This are most likely commands for a text formatter to which the resulting output file will be submitted after processing.
The appropriate lines (up to 5 before, up to 5 after) are either entered by the user using the I command, which turns those mode on or come from the user's profile file. In this case you have to specify the FORMATTER option when calling PRINT REVIEW.
When using formatter commands you can insert a special tag ###, which will be replaced by the number of lines the current image has. This is useful for formatter commands used to check the number of lines required on the current page. E.g. the runoff command .test page n checks whether there are n lines left on the current page, if not it ejects the current page. Therefore a .test page ### will do that test for the number of lines in the current image. Note that you may have only one ### tag (before or after images).
LAST LAST WRite LAST QUICKPRINT LAST VIEW
Last requires, that the PrintFile be active in REQUEST or QUERY mode; this command is then used to manipulate the image produced by the last command. In fact the REQUEST and QUERY modes save the current image to a temporary location which is overwritten by each command. The LAST command lets you manipulate this temporary image.
LAST without options redisplays the last image on the screen. Note that for some commands (e.g. PLOT BIG, C1 LIST) where the PrintFile contains more information than the output on the screen, LAST will show the image placed into the PF; thus the displayed imaged does not look exactly the same as the previous image on the screen.
LAST WRITE writes the last image to a file. There are two possibilities. Eiter a file name is present, then the image is written to that file (permanent file). If no file name is present the image is written to a temporary file called the Viewfile. This file is used by the LAST VIEW command; it may also be visualized with the VIEW LAST command.
LAST QUICKPRINT send the last image directly to the printer.
LAST VIEW is a special command, which may be used to compare two output images; the first being the last image and the second an image previously stored.
VIEW is a special form of the command allowing for simultaneous (parallel display of two print images. The first image is the "last image" i.e. the output produced by the last command. The second image is a previously saved print image.
The second image is either the VIEWFILE, i.e. a temporary file written with LAST WRITE or any external file. In this case you will have to indicate its name as "fnam". In most cases this external file will have been created with a LAST WRITE "name" command.
Default is to use the left half of the screen for the first image and the right half for the second image. As the screen may not be wide enough to show all of the information a part of the image may not be shown. You may control this in some extent by using the POS=col option, where col indicates the column number where you want to start the second image. This may e.g. be used to show only a small part of the first image, say the first 20 columns and used the remaining width of the screen for the second image.
You may furthermore control the section of the images you wish to view by setting column limits on each of the images. This is done with the
COLUMNS=(w1scol,w1ecol,w2scol,w2ecol)
where w1scol,w1ecol indicate the starting and ending column of the first image and w2scol,w2ecol the starting and ending column of the second image. These limits act on the part of the image you wish to see, whereas the POS=col option only acts on the position of the second image on the screen. Note that you need not specify w2scol,w2ecol if you do not wish to act open the second image, but if you do specify these limits you will have to specify the limits for the first image, even if you do not wish to modify the default limits (all of the image).
Note also that these limits do not affect the screen format, i.e. if the amount of information of the first image does not fit into the left half of the screen the remaining part of each line will not be shown; if the first image limits are smaller than the half-screen allocated to it the remaining part will appear as blank.
Default is to show both images on the screen. Nothing is printed, even if a PrintFile is active. In order to put the double-view to the PrintFile you will have to add the PRINT option. If you do not wish to see the image at the same time you may add the ONLY option to PRINT. In this case (PRINT ONLY) the printer width will be used instead of the screen width to determine the amount of information you may see.
Important: the PRINT option writes directly to the PrintFile, i.e. the result may not be seen with a simple LAST command. This is so to allow for several Views (experimenting with cols= and pos=) of the same images (otherwise the double-viewed image would appear).
Note that the LAST command never alters the last image, i.e. you may issue
several LAST commands; however you should not forget that any other command
will create a new "last command".
TED PRINT
TEXT [text] TEXT "text-string"
Purpose: insert any text into the PrintFile. TEXT with an empty option field inserts all lines you are typing into the PrintFile until a line starts with the string STOP or you enter the // end of input signal. If the option field is not empty, only the text in the option field is written to the print file and execution continues.
When a "text-string" is present on the command line, then it is inserted into the PrintFile.
Please note that this is a very simple command, meant for an occasional comment. The PRINT REVIEW processor, the EDA text editor, as well as the output procedures (expressions) much more powerful utilities.
VIEW "fname" [<opt>] VIEW LAST <opt> [PRINT] [NOPAGE | RECOGNIZE_TAGS]
VIEW displays the contents of a text file on the screen. Most often you will specify the name of a file, whose contents you wish to examine. Files will be paged automatically (no matter how the SET PAGE switch has been set), unless you use the NOPAGE option (note that NOPAGE only inhibits the automatic paging of the VIEW command; if SET PAGE is ON the output from the VIEW command will be paged).
RECOGNIZE_TAGS (*): recognizes tags in the the input file (see the administrators guide, section on help file writing for more information on these tags).
PRINT will write the file you are viewing to the PrintFile if a PrintFile is open. By default VIEW displays only on the screen.
Note that the VIEW command looks for the file in the current directory; if none can be found it checks the INF directory (see the SET PATH command).
The VIEW LAST command displays the contents of the Viewfile, i.e. a file written by the LAST WRITE command and containing an output image. This option is only useful in connection with the LAST VIEW command (see there). Note that if no Viewfile exists an error occurs.