In Defense of Affective Benevolence

This project, led by Prof. Julien Deonna (University of Geneva), explores the role of emotions in benevolent action, challenging two dominant critiques: the cynical view that emotions in benevolence are self-serving, and the sceptical view that emotions are too unreliable to guide ethical behavior. Drawing on philosophical and empirical insights, the project argues that emotions like guilt, compassion, and sympathetic enjoyment provide a unique, experiential understanding of others’ needs, grounding genuine concern rather than mere self-interest.

The research is structured into two subprojects. The first addresses the cynic by analyzing how emotions reflect fitting responses to value-laden situations, not just self-gratifying impulses. The second responds to the sceptic by defending the idea that emotions, when properly regulated, anchor our moral identities and guide us toward meaningful, albeit partial, benevolence.

The project introduces the framework of sentimental pluralism, which emphasizes the diversity of emotional sensitivities and their role in shaping ethical life. It also examines the implications for organized philanthropy, arguing that emotional attachments can justify partiality while still accommodating broader moral concerns. Ultimately, the project aims to rehabilitate emotions as central to ethical understanding and action, especially in contexts like philanthropy where rationalist models dominate.