Résumé
Abstract
Introduction
1) Definition
2) Historical
3) Anatomical considerations
3.1) Vertebral column
3.2) Spinal ligaments
3.3) Spinal meninges
3.4) The spinal cord
3.5) Segmental distribution of the spinal nerves
3.6) Autonomic nervous system
3.6 1) Sympathetic nervous system
3.6 2) Parasympathetic system
3.7) Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
4) Physiological considerations of spinal anesthesia
4.1) Nociceptors and peripheral pain mechanisms
4.2) Cardiovascular effects of spinal anesthesia
5) Pharmacological considerations
5.1) Mechanism of action of local anesthetics
5.2) Mechanism of spinal anesthesia
5.3) Differential sensory/motor blockade
5.4) Factors influencing spinal anesthetic activity
5.4.1) The baricity of the anesthetic solution
6) Clinical considerations
6.1) Clinical rational for spinal anesthesia
6.2) Spinal anesthesia for surgical operations
6.3 Contraindications
7) Background and aim of the study
Patients and Method
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Bibliography
Figures