- Everything you wanted to know about phase and reference frequency in one- and two-dimensional NMR Spectroscopy
Sheberstov, K. F.; Guardiola Sistare, E.; Jeannerat, D.
Magn. Reson. Chem. 2020, 58, 376-389
The fundamental concept of phase is discussed in this tutorial aimed at providing students with an explanation of the delays and processing parameters they may find in NMR pulse programs. We consider the phase of radio-frequency pulses, receiver, magnetization and how all these parameters are related to phases and offsets of signals in spectra. The impact of the off-resonance effect on the phase of the magnetization is discussed before presenting an overview of how adjustment of the time reference of the free induction decay (FID) avoids first-order correction of the phase of spectra. The main objective of this tutorial is to show how the relative phase of a pulse and the receiver can be used to change the reference frequency along direct and indirect dimensions of NMR experiments. Unusual applications of phase incrementation with non-90 degree angles will be illustrated on 1D and 2D NMR spectra.
Supporting Information (ZIP / 1.6 MB)
DOI : 10.1002/mrc.4938
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