Bibliography

A. List of Interviews/Special Discussions*

* The author is indebted to the interviewees/discussants for their kind co-operation to this work. The titles of the interviewees/discussants reflect their professional positions at the time of the meetings and the views expressed in this document are the responsibility of the author and not of anyone else.

B. List of Visits to Space Installations, Factories and Related Facilities

C. List of Space-Related Conferences and Research Group Meetings Attended

D. Written References

1. Articles

  • ADAMS, Peter, 'New Group to Examine Proliferation of Satellite,' EW Technology, Defense News, February 5, 1990, p. 33.
  • 'Administration Sets Policy on Landsat Continuity,' LANDSAT DATA USERS NOTES, Earth Observation Satellite Company, vo. 7, n°. 1, Spring 1992, p. 4.
  • Aeppel, Timothy, 'The Evolution of Multilateral Export Controls: A Critical Study of the COCOM Regime,' Flether Forum, Winter 1985, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 105-24.
  • 'Air Force Showcases Dual-Use Technology,' Defense & Aerospace Electronics, 21 September 1992.
  • 'All Weaves Dual-Use Sensor Technology,' Defense & Aerospace Electronics, 5 October 1992.
  • Anson, Sir Peter, 'The Skynet Telecommunication Programme,' Colloque Activités Spaciales Militaires, Association Aéronautique et Astronautique de France, Gap, Imprimerie LouisJean, Mai 1989, pp. 143-59.
  • Anson, Sir Peter and Dennis Cummings, The First Space War: The Contribution of Satellites to the Gulf War, brochure.
  • Anthony, Ian, 'The Co-ordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls,' Arms Export Regulations, Ian Anthony (ed.), Oxford University Press: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 1991, pp. 207-11.
  • Ian, 'The Missile Technology Control Regime,' Arms Export Regulations, Ian Anthony (ed.), Oxford University Press: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 1991, p. 219-27.
  • Argentina Develops Condor SolidPropellant Rocket, Aviation Week & Space Technology, June 1985, p. 61.
  • 'Argentina's Condor II Missile: Dead, Dying or Waiting in the Wings,' Armed Forces Journal International, September 1991, p. 26.
  • 'Argentina Ends Condor II; Cites Political, Financial Pressure,' Aerospace Daily, 24 April 1990, vol. 154, no. 17, pp. 136-37.
  • 'Asia's Missile Race Hots Up,' Jane's Defence Weekly, 19 February 1994, p. 20.
  • 'Assessing Iraq's Missile Technology,' Jane's Defence Weekly, 23 December 1989, vol. 12, no. 25, pp. 1371-74.
  • Aubay, PH., J.B. Nocaudie, 'Surveillance Terrestre,' Colloque Activités Spaciales Militaires, Association Aéronautique et Astronautique de France, Gap, Imprimerie LouisJean, Mai 1989, pp. 143-59.
  • Bagrov, Alexandr V., "Optical Earth-to-Space Observations of Artificial Satellites and Space Debris: Monitoring CSBMs," Building Confidence in Outer Space Activities: CSBMs and Earth-to-Space Monitoring, Péricles Gasparini Alves (ed.), Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1995, pp. 217-37.
  • Balduccini, M., 'BPD Hardware Development to Support Low Cost Missions,' ESA Round-Table on 'Space 2020', European Space Research and Technical Centre, European Space Agency, Noordwik, The Netherlands, 27-29 June 1995.
  • Ball, Desmond, Australia's Secret Space Programs, Canberra, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, 1988, Canberra Paper on Strategy and Defense No.43, 103 pp.
  • Desmond and Helen Wilson (eds), Australia and Space, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Canberra, 1992.
  • 'Ballistic Missile Proliferation: A Basis for Control,' International Defense Review, March 1990, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 265-67.
  • 'Ballistic Missile Proliferation Causes Concern,' Pacific Defense Reporter, January 1990, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 71-75.
  • Barbieri, Massimo, 'New Services for Welfare: Assessment of Candidate Services which Have potential to Improve the Quality of Life, Mainly Based on Broadband Satellite Link,'ESA Round-Table on 'Space 2020', European Space Research and Technical Centre, European Space Agency, Noordwik, The Netherlands, 27-29 June 1995.
  • Beau, Laurence, "CSBMs and Earth-to-Space Tracking: A General Overview of Existing Proposals," in Building Confidence in Outer Space Activities: CSBMs and Earth-to-Space Monitoring, Péricles Gasparini Alves, (ed.), Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1995, pp. 59-72.
  • Bermudez Jr, Joseph S., "North Korea's Nuclear Infrastructure", Jane's Intelligence Review, February 1994, pp. 74-79.
  • Bertsch, Gary K., 'East-West Strategic Trade, COCOM and the Atlantic Alliance,' The Atlantic Papers, Atlantic Institute for International Affairs, Paris, 1983, 52 pp.
  • Bhatia, A., India's space program Cause for concern?, Asian Survey, October 1985, p. 1017.
  • Bhatt, S. 'Space Law in the 1990s,' International Studies, 26(4) October 1989, pp. 323-335.
  • Binkely, Cameron, 'Pakistan's Ballistic Missile Development: The Sword of Islam?', in William C. Potter and Harlan W. Jencks (eds.), The International Missile Bazaar: The New Supplier's Network, Boulder: Westview Press, 1994, pp. 75-97.
  • "Boeing Fined Under Law on U.S. Secrets," International Herald Tribune, 2 October 1998, p. 2.
  • Bobb, Dilip and Amarnath K. Menon, 'Chariot of Fire,' India Today, June 15, 1989, pp. 28-32.
  • Bosco, Joseph A., 'International Law Regarding Outer Space An Overview,' Journal of Air Law and Commerce, Spring 1990, pp. 609651.
  • Boulden, Jane, 'Phase I of the Strategic Defense Initiative: Current Issues, Arms Control and Canadian National Security,' Issue Brief, Canadian Centre for Arms Control and Disarmament, No. 12, August 1990.
  • Bourély, Michael G., 'La Production du lanceur Ariane,' Annals of Air and Space Law, vol. vi, 1981, pp. 279-314.
  • 'Brazil Chafes at Missile Curbs,' Space News, 20 October 1991, vol. 2, no. 36, pp. 1,20.
  • Brazil Plans to Launch Its Own Satellites in 1990s, Aviation Week & Space Technology, 9 July 1984, p. 60.
  • 'Brazil Says Missile Technology Controls Hamper Launch Industry,' Defense News, 24 July 1989, vol. 4, no. 30, p. 18.
  • Brazil's space age begins, Interavia, December 1984, No. 12.
  • Brazil aiming for selfsufficiency in orbit, Space World, October 1985, p. 29.
  • 'Breaking the Ballistic Missile Export Barrier,' Interavia, November 1990, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 994-95.
  • Brinkley, J., 'Israel Puts a Satellite into Orbit a day After Threat by Iraqis, New York Times, 4 April 1990.
  • Brooks, Charles D., 'S.D.I.: A New Dimension for Israel,' Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, 11(4), Winter 1986, pp. 341-348.
  • Burgess, Lisa and Neil Munro, "New Uses For GPS Challenge Pentagon", Defence News, November 29-December 5, 1993, pp. 8, 10.
  • Lisa, "Airline Industry Chiefs Push Greater GPS Civilian Control", Defence News, November 29-December 5, 1993, p. 10.
  • 'Bush Clears Way for U.S. Firm to Work at Australian Space Port,' Soviet Aerospace & Technology, 27 August 1990, vol. 54, no. 17, pp. 1-2.
  • Carleial, A. B., The MECB Satellite Program, Instituto National de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, paper presented at the VI Simpósio Nipo-Brasiliero of Science and Technology, 10-12 August 1988.
  • Canavan, G. H., 'Former Soviet Republic Capabilities in Space and Science,' Los Alamos National Lab., NM., Department of Energy, , Washington, D.C., February 1993.
  • G. H., 'Dual Use of Distributed Remote Sensing satellites,' Los Alamos National Lab., NM., Department of Energy, , Washington, D.C., March 1993.
  • G. H., 'Dual Use of Distributed Remote Sensing satellites,' Los Alamos National Lab., NM., Department of Energy, , Washington, D.C., 2 December 1992.
  • Cannon, Wayne H., "The Application of the Technique of Radar/Interferometry to CSBMs in Outer Space,"in Building Confidence in Outer Space Activities: CSBMs and Earth-to-Space Monitoring, Péricles Gasparini Alves (ed.), Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1995, pp. 239-61.
  • Chandrashekar, S, 'An Assessment of Pakistan's Missile Programme,' Unpublished, 1992.
  • S, 'Export Controls and Proliferation: An Indian Perspective, 1992.
  • Chen, Yanping, 'China's Space Policy: A Historical Review,' Space Policy, vol 7, n°. 2, May 1991, pp. 116-128.
  • Chen, Zhiqiang, 'Sun Jiadong Taking About China's Space Technology,' Military World, Jan./Feb. 1990, pp. 34-38.
  • Chéné, Ghislain du, "SYRACUSE: et les programmes futurs de télécomunications", in Colloque Activités Spaciales Militaires, Association Aéronautique et Astronautique de France, Gap, Imprimerie LouisJean, Mai 1989.
  • Chevalier, Roger, 'Le trentième anniversaire de Diamant,' Aéronautique et Astronautique, numero 6, 1995, pp. 55-58.
  • 'China Confirms Pakistan Missile Sales,' Interavia Air Letter, 7 January 1993, p. 6.
  • China/Brazil space talks, Aerospace Daily, 10 August 1987, p. 219.
  • Christol, C. The Modern International Law of Outerspace, 1982.
  • "CLA: The Alcântara Launch Centre", Workshop on the Brazilian Space Program, 13 December 1994, Washington, D.C., pp. 47-53
  • Clark, Phillip, 'Russia's Latest Spy Satellite', Jane's Intelligence Review, February 1996, pp. 71-4.
  • Philips S., 'Converting Soviet Missiles into Russian Space Launchers,' Jane's Intelligence Review, September 1993, pp. 401-04.
  • Philips S., 'China's Recoverable Satellite Programme,' Jane's Intelligence Review, November 1993, pp. 517-22.
  • "CLBI: The Barreira do Inferno Sounding Rocket Range", Workshop on the Brazilian Space Program, 13 December 1994, Washington, D.C., pp. 47-53.
  • Cleminson, Frank R. and Péricles Gasparini Alves, 'Space Weapon Verification: A Brief Appraisal,' in Verification of Disarmament or Limitation of Armaments: Instruments, Negotiations, Proposals, by Serge Sur (ed.), 1992, United Nations publication, pp. 177-206.
  • 'Clinton to Renane DARPA, Expand Emphasis on Dual-Use Technologies,' Defense Daily, 24 February 1993, vol. 178, no. 35.
  • Condom, P., Brazil aims for selfsufficiency in space, Interavia, January 1984, No. 1. pp. 99101.
  • 'Consideration of the Question of International Arms Transfer by the United Nations,' by Alessandro Corradini, Transparency in International Transfers, Disarmament Topical Paper 3, United Nations Department for Disarmament Affairs, New York: United Nations Publication, 1990.
  • 'Controlling the Spread of Ballistic Missiles,' Jane's Defense Weekly, 22 April 1989, vol. 11, no. 16, p. 696.
  • Covault, Craig, "USAF Eyes Advanced Russian Military Reconnaissance Imagery,' Aviation Week & Space Technology, 23 April 1994, p. 53.
  • Craig, "Low-Cost Info Technology Energizes Space Data Market,' Aviation Week & Space Technology, 4 April 1994, p. 70.
  • Craig, 'Russia Seeks Joint Space Test to Build Military Cooperation,' Aviation Week & Space Technology, 9 March 1992, pp. 18-19.
  • da Silva, João Mello and Reynaldo Arcirio de Oliveira,"ECCO: A Satellite Constellation for the Equatorial Belt", Workshop on the Brazilian Space Program, 13 December 1994, Washington, D.C., pp. 38-44.
  • "Decision by the OSCE Forum for Security Co-operation", FSC Journal, No. 24, November 1993.
  • "Declaration of Non-proliferation and Arms Exports", EC Council Decisions on Non-proliferation and Arms Exports, Europe, No. 5524 (Special edition), 30 June, 1991.
  • De Geer, Lars-Erik G., 'Atmospheric Radionuclide Monitoring,' in Monitoring A Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, NATO Advanced Study Institute: Alvor, Algarve, Portugal, January 23-February 2, 1995
  • 'Defense Department Actions to Control Missile Proliferation,' Department of Defense News Release, 21 November 1989, vol. 89, no. 529, p. 1.
  • Dixit, Aabha, 'U.S. Should Extend Partnership for Peace to India, Pakistan,' Defense News, 28 February-6 March, 1994, p. 19.
  • 'DOD Opposes U.S. Sanctions on MTCR,' Defense Daily, 1 November 1989.
  • 'DOD Tightens Rules on Missile Technology Proliferation,' Defense Daily, 22 November 1989.
  • Dornheim, Michael A., "Rocket Technology Prevails Over politics," Aviation Week &Space Technology, 14 Agust 1995, pp. 52-53.
  • Dornheim, Michael A., "Taurus Inaugurates New Launcher Class," Aviation Week and Space Technology, 21 March 1994, p. 26.
  • Dornheim, Michael A., 'DC-X Makes Second Flight,' Aviation Week and Space Technology, 20 September 1993, p. 39.
  • 'DPSs Detected Fatal Scud Attack', Aviation Week & Space Technology, 4 April 1994, p. 32.
  • Duncan, Andrew,'A Syrian-Israeli Peace Treaty', Jane's Intelligence Review, February 1996, pp. 87-90.
  • Dzhemardian, Yuri, 'The Assessment of Russian Space Projects', Space Bulletin, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1994, pp. 2-3.
  • Elder, Bob, 'A Strategic Approach to Advanced Technology Trade with the Soviet Union,' Comparative Strategy, January/March 1992, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 65-81.
  • Falkenheim, Peggy L., 'Japan and Arms Control: Tokyo's Response to SDI and INF,' Aurora Papers, No. 6, Ontario: The Canadian Centre for Arms Control and Disarmament, 1987.
  • Farinella, Paolo, 'Artificial Satellites and Space Debris: Current Stocks, Orbital Distribution and Monitoring Activities', in Building Confidence in Outer Space Activities: CSBMs and Earth-to-Space Monitoring, Péricles Gasparini Alves (ed.), Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1995.
  • Fender, Janet S., "Laser Systems for Optical Space Observation," Building Confidence in Outer Space Activities: CSBMs and Earth-to-Space Monitoring, Péricles Gasparini Alves (ed.), Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1995, pp. 189-215
  • "Final Document: XII Non-Allied Movement Summit," Durbun, 29 August 3 September, 1998.
  • Finnegan, Philip, 'Supporters Blast Missile Defense Budget Cuts,' Defense News, 13-19 September 1993, p. 6.
  • Finnegan, Philip and Barbara Opall, 'Experts: Joint Effort Can Halt Chinese Missile Sales,' Defense News, Vol. 8, no 36, 30 August 5 September 1993, pp. 4, 29.
  • "Follow-up to the Seminar on Principles Governing Conventional Arms Transfer", 117th Plenary Meeting, FSC Journal, No. 121, Point No. 5, paragraph 1.
  • Forland, Tor Egil, 'Economic Warfare and Strategic Goods: A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing COCOM,' Journal of Peace Research, May 1991, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 191-204.
  • "France Advances Space-Based Systems," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 20 July 1992.
  • 'France Rebuffs U.S., Decides to Send Rocket Data to Brazil,' Space Commerce Bulletin, 20 October 1989, vol. 6, no. 20, pp. 6-7.
  • 'French Satellite Shows Soviet Northern Fleet Facilities', Aviation Week & Space Technology, March 2, 1987.
  • Friedman, Alan, 'Iraq May Gain from US Exports to Brazil,' Financial Times, 8-9 September, 1990, p. 2.
  • Fujita, Yasuki, 'Recent Developments in The Peaceful Utilization of Space,' Mitsubishi Electric Advance, Vol. 58, Mar. 1992, p. 1.
  • Fulghum, David A., "Pentagon Orders Missile Defence Review," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 4 September 1995, p. 20.
  • David A., 'Scud Hunting May Drop Under 10-Minute Mark,' Aviation Week & Space technology, 21 February 1994, p. 90.
  • Gargan, Edward A., New York Times, 10/21/93, p. A 9.
  • Gasparini Alves, Péricles, "Fostering Synergies between Civil & Military Satellite Applications: New Approaches to Promote Innovation & Increase Competitiveness", Innovation for Competitiveness Workshop, European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), 19-21 March 1997, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, March 1997.
  • Péricles and Fernand Alby, 'Radio Tracking and Monitoring: Implications for CSBMs,' in Building Confidence in Outer Space Activities: CSBMs and Earth-to-Space Monitoring, Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1995, pp. 151-87.
  • Péricles, 'Applying CSBMs to the Outer Space Environment,' in Building Confidence in Outer Space Activities: CSBMs and Earth-to-Space Monitoring, Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1995, pp. 263-84.
  • Péricles, 'Rocket Launches: Current trends, Growth Prospects, and Monitoring Operations,' in Building Confidence in Outer Space Activities: CSBMs and Earth-to-Space Monitoring, Péricles Gasparini Alves (ed.), Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1995, pp. 115-35.
  • Péricles, 'Beyond Disarmament: 'Catching-Up with the Arms Trade?'', Review of the Belgian Society for International Law, 93/1, 1994, pp. 58-100.
  • Péricles, 'Brazilian Missile and Rocket production and Export,' in William C. Potter and Harlan W. Jencks (eds.), The International Missile Bazaar: The New Supplier's Network, Boulder: Westview Press, 1994, pp. 99-127.
  • Péricles, 'The Role of Outer Space in Nuclear Deterrence,' in Nuclear Deterrence: Problems and Prospects in the 1990's, Serge Sur (ed.), UNIDIR, New York: United Nations Publications, 1993, pp. 105-16.
  • Ghirardi, Raymond and Fernand Verger. 'Géographie des lancements de satellites.' Mappe Monde, vol. 2, 1987, pp. 15-21.
  • Ghosh, S. K., India's space program and its military implications, Agency Defence Journal, September 1981.
  • 'Glavcosmos-Indian Deal Draws Limited Sanctions From U.S.,' Aerospace Daily, 12 May 1992, vol. 162, no. 30, p. 237.
  • Granger, Ken, Geographic Information and Remote Sensing Technologies in the Defence of Australia, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Canberra, 1992.
  • Green, David, 'UK Space Policy-A Problem of Culture', Space Policy, vol. 3, nð. 4, November 1987, pp. 277-279.
  • Grundy-McCloskey, Stephen J., 'The Exportation of Show-How rather than Know-how: Discrimination in the Implementation of U.S. Controls on the Export of Technologies to the People's Republic of China,' Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, Spring 1988, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 479-518.
  • Gullikstad, Espen, 'Finland,' Arms Export Regulations, Ian Anthony (ed.), Oxford University Press: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 1991, pp. 59-63.
  • Espen, 'Sweden,' Arms Export Regulations, Ian Anthony (ed.), Oxford University Press: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 1991, pp. 147-55.
  • Gupta, Vipin, 'Locating Nuclear Explosions at the Chinese Test Site near Lop Nor, Science & Global Security,Volume 5, pp. 205-244, 1995.
  • Vipin and Donald Rich, Locating the Ground Zero of China's First Nuclear Explosive Test on 16 October 1964, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, UCRL-JC-121908, Rerprint, 9 Novermber 1995.
  • Haak, H. W. 'Infrasound Monitoring Systems,' in Monitoring A Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, NATO Advanced Study Institute: Alvor, Algarve, Portugal, January 23-February 2, 1995.
  • Hackett, James, 'Employ UAVs in Scud Hunt,' Defense News, 30 August-5 September 1993, p. 19.
  • Halperin, Emmanuel, 'Israel et les missiles,' Politique internationale, No. 44, 1989, pp. 251-256.
  • Hand, Louise, "Combatting Illicit Trafficking in Chemical Agents: Prospects and Strategies", in Curbing Illicit Trafficking in Small Arms and Sensitive Technologies: An Action-Oriented Agenda, Péricles Gasparini Alves and Daiana Belinda Cipollone (eds), UNIDIR, United Nations Publications, Geneva, 1998.
  • Harvey, John R. and Uzi Rubin, 'Controlling Ballistic Missiles: How Important? How To Do It?,' Arms Control Today, March 1992, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 13-18.
  • Hayes, Peter, 'The Two Koreas and the international Missile Trade,' in William C. Potter and Harlan W. Jencks (eds.), The International Missile Bazaar: The New Supplier's Network, Boulder: Westview Press, 1994, pp. 129-61.
  • He, Changchui, 'The Development of Remote Sensing in China,' Space Policy, vol 5, n°. 1, February 1989, pp. 65-75.
  • Hibbs, Mark, Nucleonics Week, 6 January 1994, pp. 8-9.
  • Hitchens, Theresa, 'U.S. Mulls Nukes To Counter Chemical, Biological Attack,' Defense News, 14-20 March 1994, p. 7.
  • Holzer, Robert, 'U.S. Atlantic Command To Test TMD Joint Operations,' Defense News, 14-20 March 1994, pp. 28, 30.
  • Robert and Neil Munro, "U.S. Concern Intensifies as Fleet Heightens Nuclear Deterrent Role", Defence News, February 28-March 6, 1994, pp. 4, 29.
  • Robert and Neil Munro,"U.S. Eyes Battlefield Television Surveillance,"Defence News, November 29-December 5, 1993, pp. 3, 27.
  • Holthoff, Horst, 'Regional Organizations: The Experience of the Western European Union', Evolving Trends in the Dual-Use of Satellites, Péricles Gasparini Alves (ed.), UNIDIR, Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1996.
  • Howell, Andreas, 'The Challenge of Space Surveillance', Sky & Telescope, June, 1987, pp. 584-88.
  • Hughes, David, "ARROW 2 First Flight Termed a Success," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 7 August 1995, p. 59.
  • Hughes, David, 'BMDO Under Pressure to Set TMD Priorities,' Aviation Week & Space Technology, 17 January 1994, pp. 49-50.
  • Hughes, Peter C., Satellites Harming Other Satellites, Arms Control Verification Occasional Paper No. 7, Ottawa: Arms Control and Disarmament Division, External Affairs and International Trade, Canada, July 1991.
  • Hurwitz, Bruce A., 'Israel and the Law of Outer Space, Israel Law Review, vol. 22, n°. 4, Summer-Autumn 1988, pp. 457-466.
  • Iannotta, Ben, "Agreement Boots Access of Civilian Navigators to Network", Defence News, January 17-23, 1994, p. 22.
  • Iguchi,, Chikako, 'International Cooperation in Lunar and Space Development: Japan's Role,' Space Policy, vol. 8, n°. 3, August 1992, pp. 256-67.
  • 'India Aims for Polar Launcher,' Flight International, 9 June 1992, vol. 141, no. 4321, p. 20.
  • 'India Awaits Russian Engines,' New Technology Week, 20 July 1992.
  • 'India, Despite Pressure form U.S., Continues Missile Test Program, Aerospace Daily, 11 February 1993, vol. 165, no. 29, p. 241.
  • 'India Launcher Succeeds at the Third Attempt,' Flight International, 2 June 1992, vol. 141, no. 4320, p. 6.
  • 'India Says It Will Launch Two Satellites This Year,' Satellite Week, 17 May 1993.
  • 'India Says It Will Launch Two Satellites This Year,' Communications Daily, 11 May 1993.
  • 'India Seeks French Engine, Assistance on New Booster,' Space Commerce Bulletin, 1 December 1989, vol. 6, no. 23, p. 3y.
  • 'India's Fledgling Space Program Marked by Ups and Downs,' Satellite Week, 8 March 1993.
  • India's space policy, Space Policy, November 1987, pp. 32634.
  • Indigenous missile, Asian Defense Journal, September 1985.
  • 'Industrial View on European Space Based Verification,' Presentation at Dornier, Dornier, Deutsche Aerospace, Friedrichshafen, 18 February 1992.
  • 'International Missile Technology Pact to Affect Drone Sales,' Military Robotics Sourcebook, 27 January 1993, vol. 7, no. 2.
  • 'Interview with Marcio Barbosa,' Director-General of the Brazilian Institute for Space Research, August 1990.
  • 'Iraq May Gain From US Exports to Brazil,' Financial Times, 8 September 1990, p. 2.
  • 'Iraqi Missile May Have Intercontinental Capability,' Defense Daily, 12 December 1989.
  • 'Israel lance le satellite Ofeq-3,' Air & Cosmos/Aviation International, N° 1514, Vendredi 14 Avril 1995, p. 36.
  • 'Israel Signs Missile Technology Treaty,' Interavia Air Letter, 9 January 1992, p. 5.
  • 'Israel to Launch 2nd Scientific Satellite, But Booster Worries Some,' Satellite Week, 30 October 1989.
  • Israeli satellite launch sparks concerns about Middle East missile build-up, Aviation Week and Space Technology, 26 September 1988, p. 21.
  • 'ISRO's Rao Shrugs Off U.S. Space Trade Ban,' Space News, 22 February 1993 vol. 4, no. 8, p. 7.
  • Jasani, Bhupendra, 'The Value of Civilian Satellite Imagery,' Jane's Intelligence Review, Vol. 5, no. 6, May 1993, pp. 235-39.
  • Bhupendra, 'Satellite and Arms Verification,' Jane's Intelligence Review, Vol. 4, no 8, August 1992, pp. -380-83.
  • Bhupendra, 'Arms Control Verification by Satellite,' International Defense Review, June, 1990, pp. 643-46.
  • Bhupendra, Larsson, Christer, 'Security Implications of Remote Sensing,' Space Policy, February 1988, p. 48.
  • Jeambrun, Georges, 'La politique de contrôle des satellites Français (1990-2000),' Défense nationale, 43° année, Février 1987, pp. 129-39.
  • 'Joining the Club: India's Developing Space Business,' Interavia-Aerospace World, April 1993, p. 7.
  • Jung, Claude, 'Verification of Arms Limitation and Disarmament Agreements,' Evolving Trends in the Dual-Use of Satellites, Péricles Gasparini Alves (ed.), UNIDIR, Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1996.
  • Jung, Philippe, 'Histoires extraordinaires: L'établissement d'aerospatiale Cannes,' Aéronautique et Astronautique, numero 1, 1994, pp. 84-95.
  • Karp, Aaron, 'Ballistic Missile Proliferation,' World Armaments and Disarmament, SIPRI Yearbook 1990, Stockholm International Peace Institute, Oxford University Press, 1990.
  • Aaron, 'Ballistic Missile Proliferation,' World Armaments and Disarmament, SIPRI Yearbook 1991, Stockholm International Peace Institute, Oxford University Press, 1991, pp. 327-329.
  • Aaron, 'Controlling Ballistic Missile Proliferation,' Survival, Nov./Dec. 1991, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 517-530.
  • Aaron, 'Controlling the Spread of Ballistic Missiles to the Third World,' Arms Control, 1986, no. 7, pp. 31-46.
  • Kawachi, Masao, Toyohiko Ishii, and Koichi Ijichi. 'The Space Flyer Unit,' Mitsubishi Electric Advance, Vol. 58, Mar. 1992.
  • Kirton, John, 'Canadian Space Policy,' Space Policy, vol. 6, n°. 1, February 1990, pp. 61-73.
  • Kiseljov, Anatoly I., Anatoly K. Nedaivoda, Vladimir K Krarrask, et all, 'The Launch Vehicle 'Proton': The History of Its Creation, Peculiarities of Its Structure and prospects for Development,' Space Bulletin, Vol. 1, N° 4, 1994, pp. 5-7.
  • Kubbing, B. W., 'The SDI Agreement between Bonn and Washington: Review of the First Four Years,' Space Policy, August 1990, pp. 231-47.
  • Land, Hans A., 'U.S. Technology Transfer Controls: Regulator or Weapon,' NATO's Sixteen Nations, Nov. 1986, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 46-49.
  • Langereux, Pierre, "Un petit launceur Franco-Italien," Air & COSMO/Aviation International, N° 1452/53, Quinzainedu 20 Decémbre 93 au 2 Janvier 1994, pp. 30-31.
  • Lawler, Andrew, 'U.S. To Maintain Missile Export Control,' Defense News, Vol. 8, no 36, 13-19 September 1993, pp. 1, 52.
  • Andrew, 'Russians OK Missile Export Control,' Defense News, Vol. 8, no 35, 6-12 September 1993, p. 6.
  • Andrew, 'U.S. To Maintain Missile Export Control,' Defense News, Vol. 8, no 36, 13-19 September 1993, pp. 1, 52.
  • Andrew, 'Brazil Chafes at Missile Curbs,' Space News, Vol. 2, No 35, October 14-20, 1991, p. 1, 20.
  • Le traité germano-américain sur l'IDS, Bruxelles: GRIP, No. 103, November 1986.
  • Lenorovitz, Jeffrey M., "U.S. Russia to Share Missile Warning Data," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 11 April 1994, pp. 24-25.
  • Lenox, David, James Strategic Weapons System, 03 March 1990.
  • Leopold, George, Canada, US to Begin Talks on Joint SpaceBased Radar, Defense News, June 26, 1989, p. 9.
  • 'Lessons of the Gulf War,' Thrust and Verify, No. 18, March 1991, pp. 1-2.
  • Levi, Jean-Daniel, 'Policy Orientations of Space Agencies of Traditional Space-Competent States: The Case of France', Evolving Trends in the Dual-Use of Satellites, Péricles Gasparini Alves (ed.), UNIDIR, Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1996.
  • Libya offers to finance Brazilian missile project, Jane's Defence Weekly, 6 February 1988, p. 201.
  • 'Les satellites d'observation: Un instrument européen pour la vérification du désarmement,' Assemblée de l'Union de L'Europe Occidentale, Commission technique et aérospatiale, Colloque, Rome 27,et 28, mars 1990.
  • Libya wants CSS2, Flight International, 14 May 1988, p. 6.
  • Lindsey, George, 'Surveillance from Space: A Strategic Opportunity for Canada, Working Paper 44, Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security, June 1992.
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  • Lockwood, Dunbar and Jon Brook Wolfsthal, 'Nuclear Weapon Development and Proliferation, SIPRI Yearbook 1993, op. cit., pp. 242-43.
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  • Vivek, 'India Plans To Market Akash Missile Abroad,' Defense News, 31 Janurary-6 February, 1994, p. 10.
  • Vivek, 'India Completes Agni-III Launch,' Defense News, 28 February-26 March, 1994, p. 20.
  • Vivek, 'Prithvi Gives India Non-Nuclear Punch,' Defense News, 7-13 March 1994, p. 12.
  • Rajan, Y. S. 'Benefits from Space Technology: a View from a Developing Country, Space Policy, 4(3) August 1988, pp. 221-228.
  • Rennow, HansHenrik, The Information Revolution II: Satellites and Peace, The World Today, London, June 1989, pp. 9799.
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  • Ritter, Klaus, 'The Critical issue of the Transfer of Technology,' NATO's Sixteen Nations, June/July 1985, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 39-45.
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  • Scheffran, Jürgen, 'Dual-Use of Missile and Space Technologies,' in Götz Neuneck and Otfried Ischebeck (eds.), Missile Proliferation, Missile Defense, and Arms Control, Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993, pp. 49-68.
  • Scheffran, Jürgen and Aaron Karp, 'The National Interpretation of the Missile Technology Control Regime The US and German Experience, Controlling the Development and Spread of Military Technology: Lessons form the past and challenges for the 1990s. Vu University Press, Amsterdam 1992, pp. 235-251.
  • Schmidt, Fritz W., "The Zangger Committee: Its History and Future Role", The NonProliferation Review, Fall 1994, Vol. 2, number 1.
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  • Shastri, R., The spread of ballistic missiles and its implications, Strategic Analysis, May 1988, p. 15768.
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  • Shuey, Robert, 'Assessment of the Missile Technology Control Regime,' Controlling the Development and Spread of Military Technology: Lessons from the Past and Challenges for the 1990s, Brauch, Hans Günter, Henny J. Van Der Graaf, John Grin, Wim A. Smit (eds.), Vu University Press, Amsterdam 1992.
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  • Simpson, John, Philip Acton and Simon Crowe, 'The Israeli Satellite Launch: Capabilities, intentions and implications', Space Policy, vol. 5, n°. 2, May 1989, pp. 117-128.
  • Singh, Jaswant, "For India, Disarmament or Equal Security", International Herald Tribune, 5 August 1998.
  • Singh, Ravinderpal, 'Post-Cold War Dual-Use Technology Order: Policy Implications for India, Strategic Analysis, January 1992, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 1181-95.
  • Sneider, Daniel, 'Russian Move To Join MTCR Stirs Protest,' Defense News, Vol. 8, no. 29, 26 July-1 August 1993, p. 6.
  • Sourbès, Isabelle and Yves Boyer, 'Technical Aspects of Peaceful and Non-Peaceful Uses of Space,' in Peaceful and NonPeaceful Uses of Space: Problems of Definition for the Prevention of an Arms Race, UNIDIR, 1991, pp. 69-81.
  • 'South Africa Appears to be on Move in Satellite Business,' Mobile Satellite Reports, 3 July 1992.
  • 'South Africa to Enter International Aerospace Market with LEO BIRD,' Satellite Week, 14 June 1993.
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  • Strulak, Tadeusz, "The Nuclear Suppliers Group,"The Nonproliferation Review, Fall 1993, pp. 2-10.
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  • 'Unilateral Sanctions Not Needed for MTCR,' Defense Daily, 1 October 1989.
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  • 'Update of Ballistic Missile Proliferation,' Arms Control Reporter, September 1991.
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2. Books, Special Studies and Reports

  • Atlas de Géographie de L'espace. Sous la direction de Fernand Verger, Sides-Reclus, 1992.
  • Ballistic Missile Proliferation: An Emerging Threat, 1992, Arlington: System Planning Corporation, 1992, 96 pp.
  • Brauch, Hans Günter, Henny J. Van Der Graaf, John Grin, Wim A. Smit (eds.). Controlling the Development and Spread of Military Technology: Lessons From the Past and Challenges for the 1990s. Vu University Press, Amsterdam 1992, 406 pp.
  • Hans Günter (ed.). Controlling Military Research and Development and Export of Dual-Use Technologies as a Problem of Disarmament and Arms Control Policy in the 1990s. 7th International AFES-PRESS Conference, 1992, Mosbach, Germany. Mosbach: AFES-PRESS, 1992, 231 pp.
  • Cochran, Thomas B., William M. Arkin, Robert S. Noris, and Milton M. Hoeing, U.S. Nuclear Warhead Production, Volume II, Nuclear Weapons Databook, National Resources Defense Council, Cambridge: Ballinger, 1987, pp. 223.
  • Thomas B., William M. Arkin, Robert S. Noris, and jeffrey I. Sands, Soviet Nuclear Weapons, Volume IV, Nuclear Weapons Databook, National Resources Defense Council, New York: Harper & Row, Ballinger Division, 1989, pp. 433.
  • Collins, M. J., Evaluating the Military Potential of a Developing Nation's Space Program: A Case Study of Brazil, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, September 1991.
  • Colloque: Activités Spatiales Militaires, Association Aéronautique et Astronautique de France, Gap, Imprimerie LouisJean, Mai 1989, 382 pp.
  • Dorn, Walter, Peacekeeping Satellites: The Case for International Surveillance and Verification, Dundas, Peace Research Institute, 1989, Peace Research Reviews, 187 pp.
  • Dolye, Stephen. Civil Space Systems: Implications for International Security, UNIDIR, Dartmouth: Aldershot, 1994, pp. 271.
  • Disarmament: Problems Related to Outer Space, UNIDIR, New York, United Nations Publication, 1987, 190 pp.
  • Ganguly, Sumit, The Origins of War in South Asia, Boulder: Westview Press, 1986.
  • Gasparini Alves, Péricles and Daiana Belinda Cipollone, (eds.), Illicit Traffic of Small Arms and Sensitive Technologies, UNIDIR, United Nation Publications, Geneva, 1998, pp.
  • Péricles (ed.), Evolving Trends in the Dual Use of Satellites, UNIDIR, United Nation Publications, Geneva, 1996, 204 pp.
  • Péricles (ed.), Building Confidence in Outer Space Activities: CSBMs and Earth-to-Space Monitoring, Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1996, 357 pp.
  • Péricles, Access to Outer Space Technologies: Implications for International Security, UNIDIR, New York: United Nations Publication, 1993, pp.
  • Péricles, Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space: A Guide to the Discussions in the Conference on Disarmament, UNIDIR, New York: United Nations Publication, 1991, 203 pp.
  • Steinberg, Gerald M., "Dual Use Aspects of Commercial High-resolution Imaging Satellites", Mideast Security and Policy Studies, No. 37, February, 1998.
  • European Defence Technology in Transition: Issues for the UK, A Credit Network Study, Philip Gummett and Josephine Anne Stein, Science Policy Support Group, London, September 1994.
  • Jasani, Bhupendra, Verification of a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty from Space: A Preliminary Study, by UNIDIR, Research Paper n°. 32, New York: United Nations Publications Office, 1994.
  • Bhupendra, Space and International Security, London, Royal United Services Institute, 70 pp.
  • Bhupendra, ed., Peaceful and NonPeaceful Uses of Space: Problems of Definition for the Prevention of an Arms Race, UNIDIR, 1991.
  • Johnson, Nicholas L. (ed.), The Soviet Year in Space, Colorado Springs: Teledyne Brown Engineering, 1989.
  • Nicholas L. (ed.), The Soviet Year in Space, Colorado Springs: Teledyne Brown Engineering, 1990.
  • Kemme, David M. (ed.), Technology Markets and Export Controls in the 1990s, New York: New York University Press, 1991.
  • Krige, John, The Prehistory of ESRO: 1959/1960, European Space Agency, HSR-1, July 1992.
  • 'Le Grandi Esplorazioni Nel Mondo Sopra de Noi,' Airone Spazio, Numero Speciale, n°. 120, Aprile 1991.
  • Lellouche, Pierre (ed.), Satellite Warfare: A Challenge for the International Community, UNIDIR, New York: United Nations Publication, 1987.
  • Lennox, Duncan (ed), Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems, Jane's Information Group, Surrey, 1991.
  • 'L'Espace,' Relations Internationales et Stratégiques, été 1993, no. 10.
  • Missile Monitor, N°. 2, Spring 1992.
  • Neuneck, Götz and Otfried Ischebeck (eds.), Missile Proliferation, Missile Defense, and Arms Control, Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993, 320 pp.
  • Nolan, Janne E, Trappings of Power: Ballistic Missiles in the Third World, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C., 1991, 209 pp.
  • Potter, William C. and Harlan W. Jencks (eds.), The International Missile Bazaar: The New Supplier's Network, Boulder: Westview Press, 1994, 342 pp.
  • Proposal for A European Space Based Monitoring System, EUCOSAT, Paris, June 1994.
  • Pungs, Reiner, A Industria de Armaments e a Politica Externa Brasileira, unpublished thesis, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, June 1989.
  • Skorve, Johnny and John Kristen Skogan, 'The NUPI Satellite Study of the Northern Under-Ground Nuclear Test Area on Novaya Zemlya,' Research Report, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, N° 164, December 1992.
  • Smith, Chris, India's Ad Hoc Arsenal: Direction or Drift in Defence Policy?, SIPRI, Oxford University Press, 1994, 267 pp.
  • Smith, David J., 'The Defence and Space Talks: Moving towards Non-nuclear Strategic Defences,' in Nato Review, No. 5, October 1990, pp. 17-21.
  • Space Log: 1957-1991, International Space Year, 1992, TRW, 1992.
  • Space Surveillance for Arms Control and Verification: Options: Proceedings of the Symposium held on October 2123, 1987, Centre for Research of Air and Space Law, Montreal, McGill University, Centre for Research of Air and Space Law, 1988.
  • Space Technology and Its Significance to Pakistan, Seminar Proceedings, 27 September, 1994, Lahore, Pakistan, Saqib Sadiq (ed.), Public Relations Division, SUPARCO, 1994.
  • Stanyard, Roger. World Satellite Survey, London, LLoyd's Aviation Department, 1987.
  • Stares, Paul B., Space and National Security, Washingon, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1987.
  • Swahn, Johan, Open Skies for All: The Prospects for International Satellite Surveillance, Gothenburg, Technical Peace Research Unit, January 1989, Chalmers University of Technology, 74 pp.
  • Tellefson, S. D., Brazil, the United States, and the Missile Technology Control Regime, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, 19 March 1990.
  • The Military Balance: 1993-1994, The International Institute for Strategic Studies, Brassey's: London, 1993.
  • The Military Balance: 1992-1993, The International Institute for Strategic Studies, Brassey's: London, 1992.
  • The Nonproliferation Review, Spring-Summer 1994, vol. 1, no. 3, Monterey: Monterey Institute of International Studies, 1994, 209 pp.
  • 'Towards a European Satellite Monitoring Agency'?, EUCOSAT Symposium, 22-23 June 1993, Paris, Paris- Le Senat, 1993.
  • Whyman, Willian E., Strategic Export Controls: Responses to Changing Markets and Technology, London: The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1988, 34 pp.
  • World Armaments and Disarmament SIPRI Yearbook 1972, SIPRI, Almqvist & Wiksell: Stockholm, 1972.

3. Sources

a. Countries

Argentina

  • Decreto N° 2076, El Poder Ejectivo National, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 28 November 1994.
  • Decree N°. 1291, Buenos Aires, 24 Jun 1993.
  • Decree N° 1164, "El Poder Ejectivo National", Buenos Aires, Argentina, , 28 January 1960.
  • Declaration of Intention by Argentina to Become a Member of the MTCR, Decree N°. 603, Buenos Aires, 9 April 1992.
  • National Space Plan (Argentina), Unpublished version, Letter to the Author, June 1995.
  • National Space Program: 1995-2006, Presidencia de la Nacion, Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, Buenos Aires, November 1994.
  • SAC-B: Satélite de Aplicaciones Científicas, CONAE, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1993.
  • Sahade, Jorge, 'Ciencia Espacial En Argentina', National Commission of Space Activities, Argentina, 1991.

Brazil

  • Activities of the Institute for Space Research, Secretaria Especial da Ciência e Tecnologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José do Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Amazonia Program, Instituto National de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José do Campos, Brasil.
  • As Atividates Espaciais Brasileiras: Contexto Atual e Perspectivas Para o Futuro, Agência Espacial Brasileira, Departamento de Planejamento e Coordenação, Brasilia, D.F., Brasil, 14 de Novembro de 1994.
  • AVIBRAS AEROESPACIAL Brochure, AVIBRAS: São José dos Campos, Brasil.
  • 'Brazilian Space Program,' Centro Técnico Aeroespacial, Instituto de Atividades Espaciais Brochure, Ministry of Aeronautics, Department of Research and Development, São José dos Campos, Brasil.
  • 'Brazilian Space Program: Sounding Rockets and Satellite Launcher Vehicle,' Aerospace Technical Centre, Ministry of Aeronautics, São José dos Campos.
  • China-Brazil Earth Resource Satellite CBERS, Brochure, Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais: São José dos Campos, Brasil.
  • Decreto N° 1292.3ZZ, 21 Outubro de 1994, República Federativa do Brasil, Brasília, D.F., Brazil, 1994;
  • Decreto N° 11.3ZZ, 20 de Dezembro de 1994, República Federativa do Brasil, Brasília, D.F., Brazil, 1994.
  • Decreto No. 24 602 De 6 de Julho de 1934, Regulamento para a Fiscalização de Produtos Controlados, Ministério do Exército, Estado-Maior do Exército, 1 edição, 1965.
  • 'Dispõe Sobre as Operações Relativas à Importação e Exportação de Bens de Emprego Bélico, de Uso Duplo e de Uso na Area Nuclear e de Serviços Diretamente Vinculados,' Projecto de Lei N° 2.530, de 1992, Câmara dos Deputados, Brasília, Brasil.
  • Dispõe Sobre a Exportação de Bens de Sensíveis e de Serviços Diretamente Vinculados,' Projecto de Lei N° 7.19, de 1995, Câmara dos Deputados, Brasilia, Brazil.
  • Lei N° 8.854, República Federativa do Brasil, Brasília, D.F., Brazil, 10 February 1994.
  • National Policy for the Development of Space Activities, República Federativa do Brasil, Brasília, D.F., Brazil, 1995.
  • Satélite de Coleta de Dados (SCD1) Data Collecting Satellite, Instituto National de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, , Brasil, June 1991.
  • VLS Veículo Lançador de Satélite, Brochure, Centro Técnico Aeroespacial, Ministry of Aeronautics, Department of Research and Development, São José dos Campos, Brasil.
  • Workshop on the Brazilian Space Program, 13 December 1994, Washington, D.C., 68 pp.

Canada

  • External Affairs and International Trade, The PAXSAT Concept: The Application of SpaceBased Remote Sensing for Arms Control Verification, Ottawa, External Affairs and International Trade, 1987, Verification Brochures.

China

  • China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, CALT, Beijing, 1991.

France

  • ARIANESPACE: The World's First Commercial Space Transportation Company, ARIANESPACE, Evry, 1991.
  • "Arrêté du 20 novembre 1991 fixant la liste des matériels de guerre et matériels assimilés soumis à une procédure spéciale d'exportation,"Journal officiel, 22 novembre 1991, Matériels de Guerre, armes et munitions, Journal officiel de la République Française, no. 1074, pp. 177-187.
  • "Arrêté du 9 mai 1997 modifiant l'arrêté du 20 novembre 1991 fixant la liste des matériels de guerre et matériels assimilés soumis à une procédure spéciale d'exportation,"Journal officiel, 16 mai 1997, Matériels de Guerre, armes et munitions, Journal officiel de la République Française, Brochure no. 1074, supplément no.4, 16 mai 1997, pp. 2-4.
  • "Décret n. 55-965 du 16 juillet 1995, portant réorganisation de la commission interministérielle pour l'étude des exportations de matériels de guerre," Journal officiel du 21 juillet 1995.
  • "Décret-loi du 18 avril 1939 fixant le régime des matériels de guerre, armes et munitions," Journal officiel, 13 juin 1939.
  • Livre Blanc sur la Défense: 1994, La Documentaion Française, Parris, 1994.
  • Les activités spaciales en France: Bilan d'information, Centre national d'etudes spaciales, Toulouse, Juin 1988.
  • Luton J.M., Space: Open to International Cooperation, European Space Agency, Publications Division, Noordwijk, 1994.
  • "Matériels de Guerre, armes et munitions," Journal officiel des 17 juin, 14 et 19 juillet 1939, Journal officiel de la République Française, no. 1074, pp. 1-13.
  • Rapport d'Activité 1990, Centre National d'Etude Spatiales, Paris, 31 Mars 1991.
  • Rapport d'activité 1991, SPOT Image, 1991.
  • 'Regional Co-operation for Satellite Imagery' (RECOSI), Proposal by the French Delegation, ACRS Working Group Meeting, Helsinki, May-June 1995.
  • 'SPOT IMAGE,' Qualité espace, Centre National d'Etude Spatiales, nº 18 et 19, Mars 1992, p. 121.

Germany

  • Plenarprotokoll, Deutscher Bundestag, 10/212, 23 April 1986, pp. 16258ff-270.
  • Experiments in Space: The Second German Spacelab Mission D-2, German Aerospace Research Establishment, Cologne-Porz, march 1992.
  • Report by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany on the Tightening of Export Controls for Goods with Civilian and Military Applications (Dual-Use Goods), Nr. 318, Bundesministerium Für Wirtschaft, Press and Public Relations Office, Bonn, 1992.
  • The Satellite and Application Systems Division, Deutsche Aerospace, June 1992.
  • India
  • 1991-92 Annual Report, Government of India, Department of Space, Institute for Space Research Organization, Bangalore, 1992.
  • AGRAWAL, B., SITE Social Evaluation: Results, Experiences and Implications, Ahmedabad, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, 1981.
  • 'ASLV-D4 Launched Successful,' India in Space, April-June 1994, Indian Space Research Organization, p. 2.
  • 'EOSAT Co., US, Starts Receiving Indian Remote Sensing Satellite Data,' India in Space, April-June 1994, Indian Space Research Organization, pp. 14-16.
  • Export and Import Policy, 1 April 1992-31 March 1997,Ministry of Commerce, Government of India, Mach 1994.
  • India in Space, April-June 1994, Indian Space Research Organization, Bangalore, India.
  • India in Space, Brochure, Bangalore: Indian Space Research Organization Publication and Public Relations Unit, February 1995.
  • "IRS-1C launched," Press Release, ISRO-DOS Publications & Public Relations Unit, Bangalore, No. PPR:D:125:95, 28 December 1995.
  • "Press Statement", Prime Minister's Office, New Delhi, 11 May 1998.
  • "Press Statement", News-Letter, Permanent Mission of India, Geneva, 5 June 1998, p. 1.
  • 'PSLV-D2 Launched Successful,' India in Space, October-December 1994, Indian Space Research Organization, pp. 2-8.
  • Space India, Volume I, Publication of the Indian Space Research Organisation, January-March 1988.
  • The Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act, 1992, No. 22 of 1992, 7 August 1992.

Israel

  • Advancing Into Space: Space Technologies Directorate, Israel Aircraft Industry, MBT Systems and Space Technology, MESH PRO, June 1991.
  • Defence and Exports Control, Ministry of Defence, Government of Israel, February, 1995.
  • The Israel Space Agency, Ministry of Science and Technology, Tel Aviv, 1990.

Italy

  • The Italian Space Programme, The Italian Space Agency, Rome, 1987.

Japan

  • Agreement Between the Government of Japan and the Government of the United States of America Concerning Japanese Participation in Research in the Strategic Defence Initiative, Tokyo, July 22, 1987.
  • 'Fundamental Policy of Japan's Space Development,' Space Activity Commission, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Activities, Japan, 1990.
  • 'Japanese National Report submitted to the Twenty-First Plenary Meeting of the ICSU Committee on Space Research,' Japan, 1990.
  • 'Law Concerning National Space Development Agency of Japan,' Statute No. 50 of June 23, 1969.
  • 'National Space Development Agency of Japan,' NASDA Brochure, Japan, 1991.
  • 'National Space Development Agency of Japan,' NASDA Brochure, Japan, 1992.
  • Nagoya Guidance and Propulsion Systems Works, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD., Komaki-City, Japan.
  • Space in Japan: 1992, Research and Development Bureau, Science and Technology Agency, Keidanren, 1992.

Norway

  • Seismological Verification of a Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Norwegian Seismic Array (NORSAR), Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kjeller, Norway.
  • Space Research in Norway: 1991, Norwegian Space Centre, June 1992.
  • Space Technology and Industries in Norway: 1991, Norwegian Space Centre, June 1991.

Pakistan

  • An Introduction to SUPARCO, Public Relations Office, Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission, October 1988, pp. 52.
  • Space Research in Pakistan: 1992 and 1993, Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission, SUPARCO Public Relations office, July 1994, pp. 69.
  • Satellite Ground Station: Islamabad, Brochure, Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission, SUPARCO Public Relations office, June 1989.
  • SUPARCO Satellite Ground Station: Islamabad, Brochure, Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission, SUPARCO Public Relations office, June 1989.

Portugal

  • Decree-Law No 436/91, Directorate-General for Politic-Economic Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1991.

Republic of Korea

  • Defense White paper: 1993-1994, The Ministry of National Defense, The Republic of Korea, Soul, 1994.

Russian Federation

  • "Concept of the Global Control System for Non-Proliferation of Missiles and Missile Technology," International Meeting of GCS Experts, Moscow, 16 March 2000, unpublished version.
  • Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, 11 January 1993, Russian News, Rossiiskie Vesti, n. 51 (220).
  • "Incentive Measures with Regard to the GCS Participating States Renouncing the Possession of Missile Delivery Systems for Weapons of Mass Destruction," International Meeting of GCS Experts, Moscow, 16 March 2000, unpublished version.
  • 'On the Definition of the Law on the Control of the Export form the Russia Federation of Equipment, Materials, Technologies Used in the Development of Rocket-based Weapons.' Decree of the Consul of Minister-Government of the Russian Federation, 27 January, 1993.
  • Russian Federation Space Activities Act, Russian Parliament Building, Moscow, 20 August 1993.
  • "Security Assurances for the GCS Participating States Renouncing the possession of Missile Delivery Systems for Weapons of Mass Destruction," International Meeting of GCS Experts, Moscow, 16 March 2000, unpublished version.
  • "Survey of Proposals on Issues of Control in the Missile Field, Put forward by Various States ," International Meeting of GCS Experts, Moscow, 16 March 2000, unpublished version.
  • "The Missile Launch Transparency Regime as a Component of the GCS Concept," International Meeting of GCS Experts, Moscow, 16 March 2000, unpublished version.
  • "Welcome Address by the Deputy Foreign Minister Russia, Mr G. Mamedov," International Meeting of GCS Experts, Moscow, 16 March 2000, unpublished version.

Sweden

  • Esrange, Swedish Space Corporation, Kiruna, 1992.
  • Microgravity MAXUS Brochure, Swedish Space Corporation.

Switzerland

  • Loi fédérale sur le contrôle des biens utilisables à des fins civiles et militaires et des biens militaires spécifiques, 13 décembre 1996.
  • Ordonnance sur l'exportation, limportation et le transit de biens utilisable à des fins civiles et militaires et des biens militaires spécifiques, 25 Juin 1997.

United Kingdom

  • Ballistic Missile Defence, Brochure, British Aerospace Defence Dynamics, Stevenage, United Kingdom.
  • BMD: Ballistic Missile Defence, Brochure, British Aerospace Defence Dynamics, Stevenage, United Kingdom
  • Notes on Security and Arms Control: 1994, no. 2, London: Foreign and Commonwealth Office, February 1994.
  • UK Defence Strategy: A Continuing Role for Nuclear Weapons, London: Security Policy Department, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, January 1994.
  • 'Letter to the Author on The Fylingdales Moor Radar Installation and Equipment,' United Kingdom Delegation to the Conference on Disarmament, Geneva, 28 January 1994.
  • Trident: Thirty Years of the Polaris Sales Agreement, Chief Strategic Systems Executive, United Kingdom: Crown, May 1993.
  • BNSC: Activities 1991/92, British National Space Centre, London, 1991.
  • United States of America
  • '23 Countries Move Further to Control Missile Exports', Daily Bulletin, United States Mission, Geneva, March 15, 1993, pp. 9-10.
  • '25 Countries Agree on Direct Missile Proliferation Diplomacy', Daily Bulletin, United States Mission, Geneva, December 7, 1993, p. 5.
  • '28 Countries Further Restrict Exports of Nuclear Goods', Daily Bulletin, United States Mission, Geneva, April 2, 1993, p. 9.
  • "1995 Arms Control Accomplishments and Replacing COCOM", Thomas E. McNamara, Statement before the Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy of the Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee, Washington, D.C., 21 September 1995, U.S., Department of State Dispatch, 16 October, 1995, Vol. 6, No. 42, pp. 752-4.
  • 1995 Report to the Congress on Ballistic Missile Defence, Ballistic Missile Defence Organization, September 1995.
  • 1994 Report to the Congress on Ballistic Missile Defence, Ballistic Missile Defence Organization, July 1994.
  • 1990 Report to the Congress on the Strategic Defense Initiative, Strategic Defense Initiative Organization, Washington, D.C., May 1990.
  • "Address by the President to the 48th Session of the United Nations General Assembly", The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, September 27, 1993.
  • 'Agreement with Russia on MTCR, Space, Energy Discussed', Daily Bulletin, Geneva, United States Mission, September 7, 1993, pp. 3-4.
  • 'Agreement Reached on Biological Weapons Export Controls', Daily Bulletin, United States Mission, Geneva, December 17, 1992, pp. 11-12.
  • Arms Control: U.S. Efforts to Control the Transfer of Nuclear-Capable Missile Technology, Report to the Honourable Dennis DeConcini, U.S. Senate, United States General Accounting Office, Washington, D.C., June 1990.
  • "Atomic Energy Act of 1954', Nuclear Proliferation Factbook, Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, Congressional research Service, Library of Congress, 103d Congress, 2d Session, S. Prt. 103-111, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1995.
  • "Australia Group", Fact Sheet, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Washington, D.C., 12 April 1996.
  • Ballistic Missile Defence Program, DoD Briefing by William J. Perry, Paul G. Kaminski, Thomas S Moorman, et. al., Department of Defence, United States, 16 February 1996.
  • Ballistic Missile Defence Program Review, by Paul G. Kaminski, Under Secretary of Defence for Acquisition and Technology, Department of Defence, United States, 1995.
  • Biden, Jr., Joseph R., On the Threshold of the New World Order: The Wilsonian Vision and American Foreign Policy in the 1990's and Beyond, Addresses in the United States Senate, United State Senate, Washington, D.C., 1992.
  • Joseph R., Congressional Record, United State Senate, S. 3193, 12 August 1992, pp. S 12652-56.
  • 'Biological Weapons Export Control Lists Agreed', Daily Bulletin, United States Mission, Geneva, June 14, 1993, pp. 10-11.
  • 'China, Pakistan Possibly in Violation of MTCR', Daily Bulletin, Geneva, United States Mission, August 25, 1993, pp. 2-3.
  • 'Commerce Department Lifts Export Controls on Some Computers', Daily Bulletin, Geneva, United States Mission, August 27, 1993, pp. 4-5.
  • DoD News Briefing, Paul G. Kaminski, Under Secretary for Acquisition and Technology, et. al., Department of Defence, United States, 21 February, 1995.
  • "Expansion of Foreign Policy Controls: Missile Technology Destinations,' Rules and Regulations, Federal Register, vol. 57, n°. 118, 16 June 1992, p. 26774.
  • "Export Controls Reform", Dee Dee Myers, White House Statement-Fact Sheet, U.S. Department of State Dispatch, 11 April 1994, Vol. 5, No. 15, pp. 205-6.
  • "First U.S. Army THAAD Unit Formed", Thaad Team, Department of Defence, 1995.
  • 'Historical Funding for (SDI) BMD: Fiscal Year 1985-96', Ballistic Missile Defence Organization, mj-40169/022696, Department of Defence, 1996.
  • 'Inspection of Chinese Ship in Saudi Port', Daily Bulletin, Geneva, United States Mission, September 3, 1993, p. 4.
  • "Interpreting the Pressler Amendment: Commercial Military Sales to Pakistan", Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, 102-859, 30 July 1992, US Government Printing House, Washington, D.C., 1992.
  • "Joint United Sates-People's Republic of China Statement on Missile Proliferation", Fact Sheet, U.S. Department of State, October 1994.
  • 'LANDSAT 20th Anniversary,' Earth Observation Satellite Company, July 1992.
  • "Liberalization of Export Controls Announced", Daily Bulletin, Number 61, 31 March 1994, p. 9.
  • Medium Extended Air Defence System (MEADS), Brochure, Ballistic Missile Defence, Department of Defence, United States, July 1995.
  • 'MTCR-related Sanctions Against China, Pakistan', Daily Bulletin, Geneva, United States Mission, August 26, 1993, pp. 1-2.
  • 'MTCR Targets Biological, Chemical-Capable Missiles', Daily Bulletin, United States Mission, Geneva, January 8, 1993, pp. 6-7.
  • Missile Proliferation: The Need For Controls (Missile Technology Control Regime), Hearings before the Subcommittees in Arms Control, International Security and Science, and on International Economic Policy and Trade of the Committee on Foreign Affairs House of Representatives, 101 Congress, First Session, 12 July 30 October 1989. Washington, D.C., 1990.
  • 'NACC Expand to 35 Member States in Brussels,' Daily Bulletin, N°. 46, 11 March 1992, p. 1.
  • NASA Historical Data Book, Historical Series, vol. 1, National Aeronautics and Space Agency, Washington, D.C., 1988.
  • 'Navy Area Defense Ballistic Missile Defense Program', Fact Sheet, BMDO, 95-003.
  • 'Navy Theater-Wide Ballistic Missile Defense Program', Fact Sheet, BMDO, 95-001.
  • Nuclear Proliferation Factbook, Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, Congressional research Service, Library of Congress, 103d Congress, 2d Session, S. Prt. 103-111, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1995.
  • 'No Comments on reported Indian Chemical Sales to Syria,' Daily Bulletin, n°. 176, 22 September 22, 1992, p. 1.
  • 'ORBIMAGETM Receives U.S. Government Approval of Saudi Arabian Imagery Sale,' News Release, ORBIMAGE, Dulles, VA, 5 June 1995.
  • 'OrbView Imaging Performance,' OrbimageTM, Global Imaging Information, Brochure, 950121.17.
  • 'OrbView-1 Capabilities,' OrbimageTM, Orbital Sciences Corporation, Brochure, 1995.
  • 'PATRIOT Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3)', Fact Sheet, BMDO, 95-002.
  • 'Pentagon's Counter-Proliferation Initiative,' Daily Bulletin, March 14, 1994, pp. 2-3.
  • 'Prepared Statement of Lt. Gen. Malcolm R. O'Niell, USA, Director, Ballistic Missile Defence Organization to the House National Security Committee, 4 April 1995', Defense Issues, Number 37, Volune 10, 1995.
  • 'Prepared Testimony to the Senate Appropriations Committee', 27 June 1995, Lt. Gen. Malcolm R. O'Niell, USA, Director, Ballistic Missile Defence Organization', Department of Defence, 1995
  • President Bill Clinton, 'U.S. Committed to Making U.N. Vision a Reality', U.S. Foreign Policy Speeches, Office of Public Affairs, United States Mission, Geneva, September 1993.
  • "President George Bush Middle East Arms Control Initiative," Fact Sheet, the White House Press Secretary, 29 May, 1991.
  • 'Proposed Russian-India rocket sale concerns U.S.,' Daily Bulletin, The United States Mission, Geneva, n°. 82, 5 May, 1992, pp. 1-2.
  • "Reforming Export Controls", Lynn E. Davis, White House Statement-Fact Sheet, U.S. Department of State Dispatch, 11 April 1994, Vol. 5, No. 15, p. 204.
  • Report on Nonproliferation and Counterproliferation Activities and Programs, Office of the Department of Defence, Wasghinton, D, C., May 1994, pp. 3-4.
  • "Russia-United States Joint Statement on Cooperation on Strategic Stability," Public Papers of the President, 21 June 2000.
  • "Russian-United States Memorandum of Agreement on Establishment of a Joint Centre for Early Warning Systems Data Exchange and Missile Launch Notifications," Public Papers of the President, 4 June 2000.
  • Space Commerce: An Industry Assessment, United States Department of Commerce, May 1988, p. 47.
  • 'Statement of Intent Signed for Air Defense System', News Release. 21 Feburary 1995.
  • "Statement by The Press Secretary," Office of the Press Secretary, The White House, Fact Sheet, Washington, D.C., 10 March 1994.
  • "Talbott to Emphasize Non-Proliferation in India, Pakistan", Daily Bulletin, Number 58, 28 March 1994, p. 2
  • "The U.S. and China: Curbing Missile and Nuclear Weapons Proliferation", U.S. Department of State Dispatch, 17 October 1994, Vol. 5. No. 42, p. 701.
  • 'Theater High Altitude Area Defense System (THAAD)', Fact Sheet, BMDO, 95-004.
  • "Threat Control Through Arms Control", Annual Report to Congress, 1996, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Washington D.C.1997.
  • U.S. Costs of Verification and Compliance Under Pending Arms Treaties, Washington, D.C.: Congress of the United States, Congressional Budget Office, September 1990.
  • 'U.S. Awaiting Inspection of Chinese Vessel', Daily Bulletin, Geneva, United States Mission, August 24, 1993, p. 5.
  • 'U.S. Had Credible Reports About Chemicals on Chinese Ship', Daily Bulletin, Geneva, United States Mission, September 8, 1993, p. 2.
  • 'U.S.-Russian Sign Agreements on Space and Energy', Daily Bulletin, Geneva, United States Mission, September 3, 1993, p. 5.
  • 'U.S.-Russian Talks on Cooperation in Space, Energy Open', Daily Bulletin, Geneva, United States Mission, September 2, 1993, p. 5.
  • 'U.S. Says MTCR Controls Apply to Chinese M-11 Missile', Daily Bulletin, Geneva, United States Mission, August 27, 1993, pp. 2-3.
  • 'U.S. to Advice Saudis Inspecting Chinese Ship', Daily Bulletin, Geneva, United States Mission, August 27, 1993, p. 3.
  • 'U.S. Russia Agree on MTCR Guidelines', Daily Bulletin, Geneva, United States Mission, July 19, 1993, pp. 6-7.
  • 'U.S., Russia Consult on Global protection System,' Joint Statement 620, Department of State, Washington D.C., 14, July 1992.
  • "Wassenaar Arrangement on Arms Export Controls", Fact Sheet, US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 17 July 1996.
  • 'Western Nations Agree to Phase out COCOM', Daily Bulletin, United States Mission, Geneva, November 18, 1993, p. 8.

b. International Institutions

Australia Group

  • "Australia Group Meeting," Press Release," Australian Embassy, Paris, 28 July 1993.
  • "Australia Group Meeting," Press Release,"AG/Dec92/Press/Chair/9, Australian Embassy, Paris, 7-10 December 1992.
  • "Australia Group Meeting on Chemical Weapons", Australia News Release, Australian Embassy, Washington, D.C., 6 April 1991.
  • "Current Export Controls on Materials Used in the Manufacturing of Chemical and Biological Weapons", Australia Group Document, AG/Dec92/Press/Chair/8, December 1992.
  • "The Origins and Function of the Australia Group", Brief Paper, Australia Embassy, Washington, D.C., 05, March 1989.
  • Assembly of Western European Union
  • Anti-Missile Defence for Europe: Guidelines Drawn from the Symposium', Report submitted on behalf of the Technological and Aerospace Committee, Thirty-Ninth Ordinary Session, First Part, Assembly of Western European Union, Document 1363, 1993, p. 2.
  • 'Anti-Missile Defence for Europe: Symposium', Rome, 20-21 April 1993, Office of the Clerk of the Assembly of Western European Union, Spring 1993.
  • 'Anti-Ballistic Missile Defence', Report submitted on behalf of the Technological and Aerospace Committee, Thirty-Eighth Ordinary Session, Second Part, Assembly of Western European Union, Document 1339, 6 November 1992.
  • Conference on Disarmament
  • Agreement between the Republic of Argentina and the Federative Republic of Brazil for the Exclusively Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy, Conference on Disarmament, CD/1117, 22 January 1992.
  • Agreement between The Republic of Argentina, The Federative Republic of Brazil, The Brazilian-Argentine Agency for the Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards, Conference on Disarmament, CD/1118, 22 January 1992.
  • "Communique Issued Following the Meeting of the Five on Arms Transfers and Nonproliferation," Paris 89 July 1991, Conference on Disarmament, CD/1103, 19 August 1991.
  • 'Legal Problems Raised by the Militarization of Outer Space,' CD/915, 26 April 1989.
  • "Letter Dated 2 June 1998 from the Permanent Representative of India Addressed to the Secretary-General of the Conference Transmitting the Text of the Paper Laid on the Table of both the Houses of Parliament of India Entitled 'Evolution of India's Nuclear Policy'," Conference on Disarmament, CD/1524, 2 June 1998, p. 5.
  • "Letter Dated 2 June 1998 from the Permanent Representative of the United States of America Addressed to the Secretary-General of the Conference Transmitting the Text of Remarks Made by President Clinton on 28 and 30 May Concerning Indian and Pakistani Nuclear Testing, as well as the Text of a presidential Determination Regarding the Imposition of Sanctions on Pakistan," Conference on Disarmament, CD/1522, 2 June 1998, p. 2.
  • "Letter Dated 1 June 1998 from the Permanent Representative of Pakistan Addressed to the Secretary-General of the Conference Transmitting the Text of a Statement Made by the Foreign Secretary on 30 May 1998 Following Pakistan's Nuclear Test That Day," Conference on Disarmament, CD/1519, 2 June 1998, p. 2.
  • 'Letter Dated 3 June 1991 from the representative of France Addressed to the President of the Conference on Disarmament transmitting the Text of the Arms Control and Disarmament Plan Submitted by France on 3 June 1991, Conference on Disarmament, CD/1079, 3 June 1991, p. 4.
  • 'Letter Dated 7 February 1992 from the Heads of the Delegations of Argentina, Brazil and Chile addressed to the Secretary-General of the Conference on Disarmament Transmitting the Text of the Joint Declaration on the Complete Prohibition of Chemical and Biological Weapons, 'The Mendoza Agreement'', submitted to the Conference on Disarmament, CD/1126, 17 February 1992.
  • 'Letter Dated September 1992 from the Heads of the Delegations of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile Addressed to the Secretary-General of the Conference on Disarmament Transmitting a Commentary on the Proposed Amendments to the Treaty of Tlatelolco,' Conference on Disarmament, CD 1172, 3 September 1992.
  • 'Rolling Text of the Treaty', in 'Report of the Conference on Disarmament to the General Assembly of the United Nations,' Conference on Disarmament, CD/1364, Appendix, pp. 27-140, September 1995
  • "Statement by India to the Conference on Disarmament," Conference on Disarmament, CD/, 6 August 1998.
  • "Statement made on Behalf of the 'Australia Group' by the Representative of Australia to the Conference on Disarmament," Conference on Disarmament, CD/1164, 7 August 1992, p. 2.
  • Europen Space Agency (ESRO/ELDO/ESA)
  • 'A European Success Story,' 50th Launch Special, Ariane, European Space Agency, April 1992.
  • European Centre for Space Law, Inventory of Space Law Related Materials Available at ESA HQ, Paris, ECSL, May 1990, 30 pp.
  • European Participation in the International Space Station: Facts and Arguments, European Space Agency, Directorate of Manned Spaceflight and Microgravity, Document no. MSM-PI/8041, Paris, 17 February 1995.
  • Hermes, European Space Agency, ESA D/STS/H, May, 1991.
  • "Rules Concerning Information and Data," Council, European Space Agency, ESA/C(89)95, rev.1, Paris, 21 December 1989.
  • The European Space Agency, European Space Agency, Public Relations Division, Paris, June, 1992.
  • The European Space Agency Annual Report: 1991, European Space Agency, Public Relations Division, Noordwijk, 1991.

Group of 7/8

  • "PERM5 Joint Communique on India-Pakistan Nuclear Crisis," Geneva, 4 June 1998.
  • "The Denver Summit of the Eight," Comminique, June 22, 1997.
  • "G7 Declaration on Conventional Arms Transfers and NBC Nonproliferation," The London Economic Summit 1991, Communique, London, 16 July 1991.
  • International Atomic Energy Agency
  • IAEA Statute, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
  • "Communication Received from Certain Member States Regarding Guidelines for the Export of Nuclear Material, Equipment and Technology: Nuclear Transfers," IAEA, INFCIRC/254/Rev.2/Part1, October 1995.
  • "Communication Received from Certain Member States Regarding Guidelines for the Export of Nuclear Material, Equipment and Technology: Nuclear-related Dual-use Transfers," IAEA, INFCIRC/254/Rev.2/Part2, October 1995.
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization
  • "Alliance policy Framework on Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction,", NATO Press Release, M-NAC-1(94)45, 9 June, 1994.
  • "North Atlantic Council Session of Defence Ministers," Press Communique, M-NAC-D-2(97), 149, Brussels, 2 December, 1997.
  • "NATO's Response to Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction: Facts and Way Ahead," Press Release, (95)124, 29 November 1995.
  • "Rome Declaration on Peace and Co-operation," Issued by the Head of States and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Rome, 7th-8th November 1991.
  • "The Alliance's New Strategic Concept," Agreed by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Rome, 7th-8th November 1991.
  • Missile Technology Control Regime
  • "Missile Technology Control Regime: An Information Paper", Press Release, Tokyo, 6 November 1997.
  • "Missile Technology Control Regime held Plenary Meeting in Tokyo", Press Release, Tokyo, 6 November 1997.
  • "Missile Technology Control Regime holds Plenary Meeting in Edinburgh", Press Release, Edinburgh, 10 October 1996.
  • "MTCR and the Third World: Impact Assessment," Strategic Analysis, October 1993, pp. 838-50.
  • "Missile Technology Control Regime Meets in Switzerland", Press Release, Interlaken, 3 December 1993.
  • Nuclear Suppliers Group
  • "Nuclear Suppliers Group Plenary Meeting: 1997', Press Statement, Ottawa, Canada, 8-9 May, 1997.
  • "Nuclear Suppliers Group Working Group on Transparency: Discussion Points," Nuclear Suppliers Group, 1996.
  • "Nuclear Suppliers Group Plenary Meeting: 1996', Press Statement, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 25-26 April, 1996.
  • "Nuclear Suppliers Group Plenary Meeting: 1995', Press Statement, Helsinki, Finland, 5-7 April, 1995.
  • "Nuclear Suppliers Group Plenary Meeting: 1994', Press Statement, Madrid, Spain, 12-14 April, 1994.
  • "Nuclear Suppliers Group Plenary Meeting: 1993," Press Statement, Lucerne, Switzerland, 1 April 1993.
  • "Nuclear Suppliers Group Plenary Meeting: 1992," Press Statement, Warsaw, Poland, 3 April, 1992.
  • Permanent Five Members of the Security-Council
  • "Communique Issued Following The Meeting of The Five: Interim Guidelines Related to Weapons of Mass Destruction," Communique, Washington, 29 May 1992.
  • "Communique Issued Following The Meeting of The Five: Guidelines for Conventional Arms Transfers," Communique, London 18 October 1991.
  • United Nations
  • "Official Records of the United Nations General Assembly," A/55/33 A, December 2000.
  • "Decision on the Establishment of an Ad Hoc Committee under Item 1 of the Agenda entitled 'Cessation of the Nuclear Arms Race and Nuclear Disarmament'", Conference on Disarmament, CD/1547, 12 August 1998.
  • "Final Document," Special Session of the General Assembly on Disarmament, 1978, United Nations Publication, DPI/6708, February 1981.
  • "Sixth Report of the Executive Chairman of the Special Commission," United Nations Security Council, S/26910, 21 December 1993, pp. 21-22.
  • 'General and Complete Disarmament,' Official Records of the General Assembly, A/RES/46/36, 3 January 1992, p. 19.
  • "Transparency in armaments," "Official Records of the United Nations General Assembly," GA/RES 46/36 L, 9 December 1991.
  • "Official Records of the United Nations General Assembly," A/51/123, 13 December 1996.
  • Official Records of the United Nations, United Nations Security Council, R/687, 3 April 1991.
  • 'South Africa's Nuclear-Tipped Ballistic Missile Capability, Disarmament Study Series, Department for Disarmament Affairs, Report to the Secretary-General, United Nations Publications Office, New York, 1991.
  • 'The Implications of Establishing and International Satellite Monitoring Agency,' Report of the Secretary-General, Department of Disarmament Affairs, Study Series, no. 9, New York: United Nations Publication, 1983.
  • 'The Role of Science and technology in the Context of International Security, Disarmament and Other Related Fields,' International Transfer of Sensitive Technology, Working Paper submitted by Argentina and Brazil, Disarmament Commission, A/CN, 10/145, 25 April 1991.
  • 'Verification in All Its Aspects,' Official Records of the General Assembly, A/45/372, 28 August 1990, p. 86.
  • 'The Question of the Definition and/or the Delimitation of Outer Space,' Official Records of the General Assembly, A/AC.105/C 2/7, 7 May 1970
  • 'The Question of the Definition and/or the Delimitation of Outer Space,' Official Records of the General Assembly, A/AC.105/C 2/7, 21 January 1977
  • 'Matters relating to the Definition and/or Delimitation of Outer Space and Outer Space Activities, Bearing in Mind Inter Alia, Questions Related to the Geostationary Orbit,' Official Record of the General Assembly, A/AC 105/C.2/L.139, 4 April 1983
  • 'Study on the Application of Confidence-Building Measures in Outer Space,' Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space, Report by the Secretary-General, A/48/305, 15 October 1993.
  • Request for Proposal: United Nations Thin Route Network, UN Thin Route Telecommunication Services Working Group, New York: United Nations, January 1995.
  • Wassenaar Arrangement
  • The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and DualUse Goods and Technologies, Wassenaar Arrangement, Vienna, Austria.

Western European Union

  • A European Space-Based Observation System, Colloquy, San Augustin, Gran Canaria, 24th-25th March 1995, Assembly of Western European Union, 1995, 87 pp.
  • Towards a European Space-Based Observation System, Assembly of Western European Union, Fortieth Ordinary Session, Document 1454, 2 May 1995.
  • Verification: A Future European Satellite Agency, Western European Union, Paris, WEU Assembly, Document 1159, 3 November 1988.

Glossary

A

ABM interpretation: Four terms have been used to describe interpretations of legal limitations established by the ABM Treaty: traditional, restrictive, and narrow interpretation or broad interpretation, and reinterpretation. The terms traditional, restrictive, and narrow interpretations generally refer to an interpretation of the Treaty which both the Soviet Union and the United States appear to have subscribed to from the signing of the Treaty. This interpretation covers both traditional ABM components such as interceptors based on KEWs and technologies based on other physical principles such as DEWs. In contrast, the terms broad interpretation and reinterpretation are used to describe a different interpretation of the ABM Treaty as expressed by the United States in 1985 and which would establish limitations only on traditional ABM components. The issue of interpretation, or reinterpretation, of the ABM Treaty is being discussed by the Soviet Union and the United States in their bilateral Nuclear and Space Talks/Defense and Space Talks.

Active Defence: A term used to describe an in-flight interception of a ballistic missile.

Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM): A defence system designed to intercept ballistic missiles.

Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Weapon: A weapon designed to destroy or disable a satellite in space by nuclear or conventional explosion, collision at high speed, or directed energy beam. ASAT weapons may be ground or space-based, air or sea-launched.

Anti-Tactic Ballistic Missile (ATBM): A system of defence designed to intercept short-range ballistic missiles.

Application satellite: Spacecraft conceived to conduct operations concerning meteorology, remote sensing, communication, geodetic measurements, and a number of other uses of outer space.

Apogee: The point in an orbit of an Earth object which is furthest from the Earth.

B

Ballistic Missile (BM): A missile that is propelled into space by a booster rocket and which descends towards its target under a free-fall, performing a ballistic trajectory.

Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD): See Anti-Ballistic Missile.

Beam weapon: See Directed Energy Weapon, .

Boost phase: The first phase of a ballistic missile flight usually lasting from 3-5 minutes.

Brilliant Pebbles: A boost and post-boost space-based interceptor concept based on the principle of Kinetic-kill. Brilliant Pebbles, which will probably be deployed in the Phase I of SDI, will provide integrated sensors, guidance, control, battle management and several thousands of single interceptors.

C

Capability: This term is used in this paper to mean the ability of a state or organization to put together the administrative (organizational) and financial R&D techniques to organize and finalize a given systems or components including its design, manufacture, and the ability to deploy these systems or components and render them operational.

Chemical laser (Cls) weapon: The concept of a weapon powered by deuterium and fluoride, oxygen and iodine and yielding radiation in the form of a laser beam.

Communications satellite: Satellites designed to emit/receive communications signals. In military contingencies, they can also serve as Communications, Command, Control and Intelligence (C3I) application tools.

Cryogenic propellant: A rocket fuel based on a mixture of liquid oxygen and hydrogen.

D

Dedicated space weapons: Weapons specially designed to strike targets in space, on the ground, at sea, or in the air, whatever their place of deployment.

Defense and Space Talks (DST): Bilateral USSR/US negotiations dealing with strategic defense matters, including the interpretation/reinterpretation of the ABM Treaty.

Directed Energy Weapon (DEW): A weapon based on beams of energy to destroy or damage its target.

E

Early-warning: The early detection of an incoming attack by space-based and Earth-based surveillance

Early-warning satellite: Satellites designed to monitor the heat of rocket plume to detect the launching of ballistic missiles (infra-red sensors). devices.

Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP): The discharge of electromagnetic energy produced by a nuclear explosion.

Electromagnetic Railgun: See Railgun.

Endo-atmospheric launcher: A vehicle designed to boost a payload up to the limits of the atmosphere generally considered as altitudes below 100 km.

Equatorial orbit: A circular orbit above the equator.

Excimar lasers (Els) weapon: The concept of a weapon powered by krypton-fluoride or chlorine-xenon molecules near ultraviolet to visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum yielding a laser beam.

Exo-atmospheric launcher: A vehicle designed to boost a payload beyond the limits of the atmosphere and therefore into outer space generally considered as altitudes above 100 km.

Exotic technology: A term used to refer to devices based on principles such as laser and particle beam. See Directed Energy Weapon, Excimar lasers (Els) weapon, Chemical laser (Cls) weapon, Free-electron laser (FEL) weapon, Neutral Particle Beam (NPB) weapon.

Extended Air Defence (EAD): A defence system that aims to counter any air-breathing threat whether it is an aircraft, cruise missile, or ballistic missile.

F

Free-electron laser (FEL) weapon: The concept of a weapon powered by electron beam (infra-red radiation) yielding a laser beam.

G

General reconnaissance satellite: Satellites designed for (a) area surveillance and close-look missions, (b) monitoring military radio communications, (c) detecting missile telemetry signals and (d) locating naval vessels. In general, these satellites carry special ELINT devices and photographic camera.

Geodetic satellite: Satellites designed to determine the precise size and shape of the Earth's surface, as well as it's gravitational field. This information is useful in providing well-detailed maps and the location on the globe of cities, towns and villages to improve the accuracy of intercontinental ballistic or cruse missiles.

Geosynchronous orbit: An orbit also referred to as geostationary orbit located nearly 36,000 km above the Equator, where a satellite travels at the same speed relative to a point situated on the Equator. Satellites in this orbit appear stationary above a specific point on the Equator.

H

Heliosynchronous orbit: A satellite orbit whose orbital plane progresses by one degree a day around the line of the poles. A satellite in such an orbit keeps the same position in relation to the Earth-Sun line.

High Endoatmospheric Defense Interceptor (HEDI): An interceptor designed to counter Soviet incoming warheads being tested for SDI.

Horizontal Proliferation: the increase in the number of countries possessing a given type of arm or arm capability.

I

Infra-red sensors: A device capable of detecting the infra-red (IR) radiation from a targeted object.

Instantaneous Field of View (IFOV): The amount of space or ground observed at the instant of observation by the sensor of a scanner.

Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM): A ground-based ballistic missile with a range equal to or greater than 5,500 km.

K

Kinetic Energy Weapon (KEW): A weapon which destroys or damages its target by direct impact or collision.

L

Laser [Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation] weapon: A device that produces an intense beam of coherent electromagnetic radiation.

Low orbits: A band of space around the Earth varying from 150 to 1,500 km.

M

Meteorology satellite: Satellites designed to supply real time global and local visibility and Infra-Red images (weather conditions) by using photographic camera and infra-red sensors.

Microgravity: The quasi-total absence of weight produced when a spacecraft orbits around the Earth. This phenomenon is createdby an equilibrium between the spacecraft's gravitational and centrifugal forces.

Mid-course phase: The phase of a ballistic missile flight in space after the boost phase and before re-entry into the atmosphere usually lasting 20-25 minutes.

Molniya orbit: An elliptical satellite orbit usually characterized by a perigee of about 500 km and apogee of about 40,000 km.

N

Navigation satellite: Satellites desinged to provide the exact position of a receiver on Earth. They can also provides atmospheric measurements to determine optimal missile trajectories (e.g., water vapour content and wind velocity along a missile's possible trajectory).

National Technical Means (NTMs): Space-based and Earth-based devices used to gather intelligence and under national control. For example, USSR and US reconnaissance satellites are used to monitor compliance with bilateral arms limitation and disarmament agreements.

Neutral Particle Beam (NPB) weapon: The concept of a weapon powered by electron acceleration of hydrogen ion yielding a neutral beam.

Non-dedicated space weapons: In principle, non-dedicated space weapons are weapons which, while not space weapons as such, have some inherent capability which could convert them into space weapons.

Nuclear and Space Talks (NST): Geneva-based negotiations between the Soviet Union and the United States encompassing strategic and intermediate nuclear forces and defence and space matters.

O

Ocean surveillance satellite: Satellites desinged to (a) locate surface ships, (b) determine their nature and direction, (c) detect submarine missile launchings. In general, these satellites carry passive sensors and can also detect Infra-Red and Microwave radiations. They contain special ELINT devices, photographic camera, and radars.

Orbit: The path of a satellite under the influence of the Earth's gravitational force, whereby the satellite returns to the same point.

P

Particle beam: An energy beam of atoms or subatomic particles.

Passive Defence: A term used to describe early-warning or other launch detection capabilities.

Phased-array radar: A high-speed and highly accurate radar used, inter alia, in ABM systems. One of the particular characteristics of this type of radar is that it points its beam in different directions by electronically moving its antenna other radars move their antenna mechanically and are usually slower than Phased-array ones.

Perigee: The point in an orbit of an Earth satellite which is closest to the Earth.

Polar orbit: A satellite orbit in which the orbital plane contains the Earth's axis of rotation.

R

Radar [Radio detection and ranging] (space-based): An active sensor which records the radiation reflected by microwaveenergy previously emitted to the Earth by the same sensor.

Resolution: A term used to determine the size of objects to be detected by an image sensor. The smaller the resolution parameters the more details will be visible in the image produced by optical systems. The parameters of a resolution are a factor of the distance between the detector and the targeted object (orbit height), different atmospheric turbulence and other factors.

S

Satellite ground segment: The ground component of a satellite system including mission assignment, data-processing, and communication facilities.

Satellite space segment: The space component of a satellite system consisting of satellites.

Scientific satellite: Space-orbiting devices developed to undertake scientific experiments. This type of spacecraft carries an array of different scientific measurement devices.

Sounding rocket: A rocket usually employed for scientific studies which provides the capability to conduct endo-atmospheric and, most importantly, exo-atmospheric experiments the latter providing limited access (a few minutes) to microgravity. These rockets usually have a range not exceeding about 1,000km and most of these rockets have a single solid fuelled-propelled body.

Space-Based Interceptors (SBIs): Interceptors under development for SDI designed primarily to counter Soviet incoming missiles and warheads in their boost and post-boost phases of flight.

Space booster/launcher/vehicle: space launchers are exo-atmospheric rockets which may be used to reach low Earth orbits (150 to 500km) or higher altitudes such as the geostationary orbit, or deep space (over 40,000km) areas.

Space mine: A space object carrying an explosive charge which could be used to damage or disable another object in space.

Space weapons: See Dedicated space weapons and Non-dedicated space weapons.

Star Wars: See Strategic Defense Initiative.

Strap-on boosters: Small rockets attached to the body of a larger main rocket for the purpose of increasing trust in the initial (boost) phase of launch.

Strategic Defense (SD): A system of defense aimed at rendering a strategic nuclear attack ineffective by employing various methods of ground and space-based defence against incoming strategic missiles and their re-entry vehicles.

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI): A programme initiated in 1983 which is designed to develop a ballistic missile defense (BMD). At present, SDI consists of four BMD missions: A Hedge Mission, An Accidental Launch Protection System, A System to Protect Silo-Based ICBMs, and the Administration Mission. Deployment of SDI is to be primarily structured in two initial stages, Phase I and II, where ground and space-based KE weapons would be deployed. Potential Follow-on Phases would then probably involve the deployment of ground and space-based space weapons based on other principles such as DE weapons.

Strategic Defense Initiative Architecture: The description of all system functional activities to be performed to achieve the US SDI desired level of defence. It includes thesystem elements needed to perform the functions and the allocation of performance levels among those system elements.

Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM): A ballistic missile deployed on a submarine.

Sun-synchronous orbit: A polar orbit with orbital parameters such that a satellite crosses the Earth's equatorial plane at the same local time.

T

Telecommand signal: A command transmitted to the satellite from the ground through a radio-frequency link.

Telemetric data: The values of parameters and status concerning an active flying object (e.g., satellite, space vehicle or missile) which are transmitted to the ground through a radio-frequency link.

Test satellite: Spacecraft designed as experimental satellites to confirm technologies for either future satellites or space launchers.

Terminal phase: The final phase of a ballistic missile usually lasting one or two minutes.

Theatre: A zone of potential or actual conflict.

V

Vertical Proliferation: The quantitative increase of arms, or arms capability, in the arsenal of a given country.

X

X-ray Laser (XrLs) weapon: A weapon concept consisting of beams of coherent X-rays produced by a nuclear explosion.

Annex I : Questionnaire on The Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies:

Confrontation or Co-operation1Annex I: Questionnaire on The Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies: Confrontation or Co-operationAnnex I: Questionnaire on The Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies: Confrontation or Co-operationAnnex I: Questionnaire on The Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies: Confrontation or Co-operation1Annex I: Questionnaire on The Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies: Confrontation or Co-operationAnnex I: Questionnaire on The Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies: Confrontation or Co-operation1Annex I: Questionnaire on The Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies: Confrontation or Co-operationAnnex I: Questionnaire on The Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies: Confrontation or Co-operation1Annex I: Questionnaire on The Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies: Confrontation or Co-operation01Annex I: Questionnaire on The Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies: Confrontation or Co-operation001Annex I: Questionnaire on The Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies: Confrontation or Co-operationAnnex I: Questionnaire on The Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies: Confrontation or Co-operationAnnex I: Questionnaire on The Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies: Confrontation or Co-operationAnnex I: Questionnaire on The Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies: Confrontation or Co-operationAnnex I: Questionnaire on The Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies: Confrontation or Co-operationAnnex I: Questionnaire on The Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies: Confrontation or Co-operationAnnex I: Questionnaire on The Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies: Confrontation or Co-operation

by

Péricles Gasparini Alves

Outer Space Affairs

Project Co-ordinator

(UNIDIR)

N.B.: No personal names will be mentioned when processing the information supplied in this questionnaire. If the questionnaire asks you to state the position of your government on a particular issue, and you are not sure what the relevant position is, please try and respond in a manner that you believe is likely to reflect the position of your government.
Return date1 May 1994
Return AddressPéricles Gasparini AlvesProject Co-ordinatorOuter Space AffairsUNIDIRRoom A-213Palais des NationsCH-1211 Geneva 10Phone: (022) 917.42.53/63Fax : (022) 917.01.76

Table of Contents

Page

I. National Policy and Legal Aspects 1

A. Policy Issues 1

B. National Legislation 2

II. Development of Outer Space Capabilities 3

III. Geo-political and Military-Technological Implications 3

IV. Selective Control Regimes 5

A. Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Control (COCOM) 5

B. New COCOM Arrangement (COCOM-II) 6

C. Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) 7

D. London Club 7

E. Australia Group 8

F. Others 8

G. Regime Implementation 9

V. International Agreements on the Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies 11

A. Bilateral Agreement 12

B. Multilateral Agreement 13

VI. General Remarks 14

Country name: Date : / /

I. National Policy and Legal Aspects

A. Policy Issues

Question 1: Does your country have a specific policy or guideline with respect to the development of outer space capabilities?

( ) Specific Policy;

( ) Guideline.

Remarks:

Please enclose a copy of related documents with the questionnaire (preferably, in English or French)

Question 2: Which national institution(s) is in charge of the development and implementation of outer space applications?

Question 3: What is the nature of this institution(s)?

( ) Civilian ministry: e.g., Ministry of Space/Ministry of Science and Technology;

( ) Military ministry: e.g., Ministry of the Aeronautics;

( ) A mixture of both: e.g., an organ dependent or linked to the military (organizations, academies, technical institutes, etc...).

B. National Legislation

Question 4: Does your country have any legislation regarding the acquisition, development and/or transfer of outer space technologies?

( ) Acquisition; ( ) Service;

( ) Development; ( ) Re-export;

( ) End-Use; ( ) Transfer.

If yes, please enclose a copy of related documents with the questionnaire (preferably, in English or French)

Question 5: Does your country plan to have any legislation regarding the acquisition, development and/or transfer of outer space technologies?

( ) Yes (e.g., a bill under debate in legislative bodies)

( ) No

If yes, please enclose a copy of related documents with the questionnaire (preferably, in English or French)

Question 6: Does your country have any legislation regarding the acquisition, development and/or transfer of arms and related material?

( ) Acquisition; ( ) Service;

( ) Development; ( ) Re-export;

( ) End-Use; ( ) Transfer.

If yes, please enclose a copy of related documents with the questionnaire (preferably, in English or French)

Question 7: Does your country plan to have any legislation regarding the acquisition, development and/or transfer of arms and related material?

( ) Yes (e.g., a bill under debate in legislative bodies)

( ) No

If yes, please enclose a copy of related documents with the questionnaire (preferably, in English or French)

II. Development of Outer Space Capabilities

Question 8: Is your country a user of space applications and/or manufacturer of space assets?

User Manufacturer

Satellite ( )
Sounding Rocket ( )
Space Launcher ( )
Satellite/Rocket Tracking ( )
Other ( )
Satellite ( )
Sounding Rocket ( )
Space Launcher ( )
Satellite/Rocket Tracking ( )
Other ( )

If other, briefly explain:

Question 9: Does your country plan to be a user of space applications and/or manufacturer of space assets?

User Manufacturer

Satellite ( )
Sounding Rocket ( )
Space Launcher ( )
Satellite/Rocket Tracking ( )
Other ( )
Satellite ( )
Sounding Rocket ( )
Space Launcher ( )
Satellite/Rocket Tracking ( )
Other ( )

If other, briefly explain:

III. Geo-political and Military-Technological Implications

Question 10: How does the increasing number of states developing outer space capabilities (satellite, rockery, and tracking technologies) affect your country's perception of international security?

Question 11: Does your country possess or plan to possess missiles having a range of 300km or more?

1= Ballistic missile; 2= Air-breathing vehicle
Status of Missile Possession

Basing Mode
In operation
Under
Development
Planned
Ground-based ( / ) ( / ) ( / )

Ship-mounted
( / )
( / )
( / )

Airborne
( / )
( / )
( / )

Remarks:

Question 12: Does any private or other company in your country manufacture or plan to manufacture missiles having a range of 300km or more?

1= Ballistic missile; 2= Air-breathing vehicle

  Status of Missile Manufacturing Capability
Basing Mode In operation Under
Development		 Planned
Ground-based ( / ) ( / ) ( / )
Ship-mounted ( / ) ( / ) ( / )
Airborne ( / ) ( / ) ( / )

Remarks:

Question 13: Does your country possess or plan to possess dedicated/dual-use military satellites?

1= Dedicated; 2= Dual-use

  Status of Military Satellite Possession
Application In operation Under
Development		 Planned
Reconnaissance ( / ) ( / ) ( / )
Communications ( / ) ( / ) ( / )
Other ( / ) ( / ) ( / )

Remarks:

Question 14: Does any private or other company in your country manufactures or plan to manufacture dedicated/dual-use military satellites?

1= Dedicated; 2= Dual-use

  Status of Military Satellite Manufacturing Capability
Application In operation Under
Development		 Planned
Reconnaissance ( / ) ( / ) ( / )
Communications ( / ) ( / ) ( / )
Other ( / ) ( / ) ( / )

Remarks:

IV. Selective Control Regimes

A. Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Control (COCOM)

Question 15: Is your country a member of the COCOM?

( ) Yes If yes, since when?

( ) No

Question 16: Has your country applied for membership to the COCOM?

( ) Yes If yes, when?

( ) No

Question 17: If your country is neither a member nor has it applied for membership to the COCOM, please indicate if your government (Head of State or government, or high-ranking governmental official) has made any statement related to a possible participation of your country in this regime?

( ) Yes ( ) No

If yes, please indicate the nature of the statement and date:

B. New COCOM Arrangement (COCOM-II)

Question 18: Will your country be an original member of the new COCOM arrangement?

( ) Yes ( ) No

If yes, please indicate what does your country expects from this new arrangement:

Question 19: If your country will not be an original member of the new COCOM arrangement, does your country intend to apply for membership of this new arrangement?

( ) Yes ( ) No

If yes, please indicate what your country expects from this new arrangement:

Question 20: If your country is neither a member nor does it intend to apply for membership to this new arrangement, please indicate if your government (Head of State or government, or high-ranking governmental official) has made any statement related to this new regime.

( ) Yes ( ) No

If yes, please indicate the nature of the statement and date:

C. Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)

Question 21: Is your country a member of the MTCR?

( ) Yes If yes, since when?

( ) No

Question 22: Has your country applied for membership to the MTCR?

( ) Yes If yes, when?

( ) No

Question 23: If your country is neither a member nor has it applied for membership to the MTCR, please indicate if your government (Head of State or government, or high-ranking governmental official) has made any statement related to a possible participation of your country in this regime?

( ) Yes ( ) No

If yes, please indicate the nature of the statement and date:

D. London Club

Question 24: Is your country a member of the London Club?

( ) Yes If yes, since when?

( ) No

Question 25: Has your country applied for membership to the London Club?

( ) Yes If yes, when?

( ) No

Question 26: If your country is neither a member nor has it applied for membership to the London Club, please indicate if your government (Head of State or government, or high-ranking governmental official) has made any statement related to a possible participation of your country in this regime?

( ) Yes ( ) No

If yes, please indicate the nature of the statement and date:

E. Australia Group

Question 27: Is your country a member of the Australia Group?

( ) Yes If yes, since when?

( ) No

Question 28: Has your country applied for membership to the Australia Group?

( ) Yes If yes, when?

( ) No

Question 29: If your country is neither a member nor has it applied for membership to the Australia Group, please indicate if your government (Head of State or government, or high-ranking governmental official) has made any statement related to a possible participation of your country in this regime?

( ) Yes ( ) No

If yes, please indicate the nature of the statement and date:

F. Others

Question 30: What other control regime does your country sees as having an effect on the development of outer space capabilities and/or the transfer of dual-use outer space technologies? Please indicate the main reasons:

G. Regime Implementation

Question 31: Please assess your country's perception of the effectiveness of existing and projected selective control regimes.

  Selective Agreement
Degree of Effectiveness COCOM COCOM-II MTCR LoCl AuGr Others
Of very little impact ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Of little impact ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Not much impact but still significant ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Significant ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Very significant ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

LoCl= London Club; AuGr= Australian Group

Question 32: Has your country's sale or transfer of outer space technologies been affected by any selective control regime?

( ) COCOM; ( ) London Club;

( ) MTCR; ( ) Australia Group;

( ) Other.

Please indicate name:

Question 33: Has your country's development of outer space technologies been affected by any selective control regime?

( ) COCOM; ( ) London Club;

( ) MTCR; ( ) Australia Group;

( ) Other.

Please indicate name:

Question 34: If the answer to one of the two previous questions is yes, please indicate the nature of such events.

( ) Raw Material:
( ) Liquid Fuel
( ) Solid Fuel
( ) Rocket/satellite body material
( ) Other
( ) Satellite components & technologies:
( ) Battery
( ) Antenna
( ) Navigation system (e.g., guidance)
( ) Telemetry/software
( ) Engine
( ) Ground-based control system
( ) Other		 ( ) Rocket components & technologies:
( ) Stage separation
( ) Navigation system (e.g., guidance)
( ) Telemetry/Software
( ) Engine
( ) Ground-based control system
( ) Other
( ) Services & technologies:
( ) Satellite launching service
( ) Rocket body thermal preparation
( )
( )
( ) Other

Remarks:

Question 35: If the answers to questions 32, 33, and 34 are yes, please indicate the implications deriving from problems related to selective control regimes.

1= Satellite; 2= Rocketry; 3= Tracking equipment

( ) The termination of ( / / ) programmes;

( ) The slowing down of ( / / ) production causing R&D to lag behind schedules;

( ) The increase in the total cost of programmes by provoking a search for autonomous alternatives, such as the development of production of indigenous components and equipment;

( ) The development of friction between your country and MTCR members;

( ) The threatening/establishment of sanctions against your country.

Question 36: If your country is a member of a selective control regime, please indicate whether the following events have already occurred (between your country and other members) as a result of dual-use technology effective or intended transfers:

1= COCOM; 2= MTCR; 3= London Club; 4= Australia Group; 5= Other.

( ) The development of friction ( / / / / );

( ) The threatening/establishment of sanctions against your country ( / / / / );

( ) Rupture of diplomatic or other relations ( / / / / ).

Remarks:

Question 37: Please assess your country's position on necessary changes to be made in the following existing and projected control regimes:

  Agreement
Future Developments COCOM-II MTCR LoCl AuGr Others
No change ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Improvement of substance/scope ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Introduction of formal group-sanctions ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Combination of objectives/members ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Broadening of membership ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Termination ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

LoCl= London Club; AuGr= Australian Group; The original COCOM is scheduled to be officially terminated by 31 March 1994.

If others, indicate:

V. International Agreements on the Transfer of Dual-Use Outer Space Technologies

Question 38: How does your country see the role of transparency and/or predictability measures related to the development of outer space technologies?

  Initiative
Degree of Importance Transparency Predictability
Of very little importance ( ) ( )
Of little importance ( ) ( )
Not so important but still significant ( ) ( )
Important ( ) ( )
Very important ( ) ( )

Remarks:

Question 39: What major initiatives does your country see as necessary to ensure transparency and predictability in the development of outer space technologies?

  Initiative
Degree of Importance National
Legislation		 Bilateral
Agreement		 International
Guidelines		 Multilateral
Agreement
Of very little importance ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Of little importance ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Not so important but still significant ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Important ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Very important ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Question 40: What, and by what means, major aspects of the manufacturing/transferring of outer space assets and activities does your country see necessary to regulate?

  Initiative
Manufacture/Transfer National
Legislation		 Bilateral
Agreement		 International
Guidelines		 Multilateral
Agreement
Equipment ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Technology ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Knowhow ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Service ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Others ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

If others, indicate:

A. Bilateral Agreement

Question 41: How does your country assesses the importance of verification in an eventual bilateral agreement on the transfer of dual-use outer space technologies?

( ) Of very little importance

( ) Of little importance

( ) Not so important but still significant

( ) Importance

( ) Very important

Remarks:

Question 42: What type of monitoring system does your country see as necessary to be conceived for the verification of a bilateral agreement?

( ) National Technical Means (NTMs)

( ) Bilateral Technical Means (BTMs)

Question 43: What type of verification regime does your country see as necessary in the event of a bilateral agreement on the transfer of dual-use outer space technologies?

( ) Voluntary and ( ) Non-intrusive

( ) Mandatory and ( ) Intrusive (in-sito: manufacturing plants,

launch sites, etc..)

Remarks:

Question 44: What other major issues related to verification should be addressed in such an agreement?

B. Multilateral Agreement

Question 45: What transparency measures does your country see as necessary to ensure confidence in the development of outer space technologies?

Question 46: What predictability measures does your country see as necessary to ensure security in the development of outer space technologies?

Question 47: What forum does your country see as most appropriate to negotiate a multilateral agreement on the transfer of dual-use outer space technologies?

( ) COPUOS; ( ) TRANSARM Committee

( ) PAROS Committee; ( ) Other. Please indicate name:

Question 48: How does your country assess the importance of verification in an eventual multilateral agreement on the transfer of dual-use outer space technologies?

( ) Of very little importance

( ) Of little importance

( ) Not so important but still significant

( ) Importance

( ) Very important

Remarks:

Question 49: What type of monitoring system does your country see as necessary to be conceived for the verification of a multilateral agreement?

( ) National Technical Means (NTMs)

( ) Multilateral Technical Means (MTMs)

Question 50: What type of verification regime does your country see as necessary in the event of a multilateral agreement on the transfer of dual-use technologies?

( ) Voluntary and ( ) Non-intrusive

( ) Mandatory and ( ) Intrusive (in-sito: manufacturing plants,

launch sites, etc..)

Remarks:

Question 51: What other major issues related to verification should be addressed in such an agreement?

VI. General Remarks

Please fill free to make any remarks regarding both the main subject of this research report or this questionnaire. You are also encouraged to attach any additional information which might be relevant for this research:

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