Annotations - William Dean Howells, "Turkeys Turning the Tables" (1892)

traitress

Traitress or "traitoress" is the feminine form of "traitor": a woman who betrays her duty or another's trust; who commits treason by betraying her nation.  

The narrative raises the question whether 1) the little girl has betrayed her human species by entering into a cross-species agreement with First Premium and his family that recognizes their sentience, or 2) she has betrayed the spirit of their contract by reinterpreting it as her personal agreement never again to eat a turkey (rather than that turkeys will never again be eaten by humans): “she knew she was promising, if they would let her go, that people should never eat turkeys any more” (44) becomes: “of course they [her human family and friends] could do as they pleased about keeping her word, but she was going to keep it” (46).

The narrative, however, undermines this clear species boundary in favor of cross-species identification. Likening her human accusers to the turkeys in terms of the noise they make ("it was worse than the turkeys, ten times" (45), the little girl determines to keep her promise, "and never, never, never eat another piece of turkey either at Thanksgiving or at Christmas" (45).