NYU Stern

Formalizing Artisanal Small-Scale Mining Can Address Forced Labor Risks
Dorothée Baumann-Pauly, GSEM Professor and Director of the Geneva Center for Business and Human Rights, argues that formalizing artisanal and small-scale cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of Congo can significantly reduce forced labor and debt bondage risks while helping companies comply with increasingly stringent EU and international due diligence regulations.
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2026



