Stéphane Noble studied medicine in Geneva and graduated in 1998. He then trained in internal medicine in Fribourg and at the HUG, completing his training with a year of cardiovascular surgery. He obtained a doctorate in 2002 for his work on surgical repair of the mitral valve. He continued his training in cardiology at the HUG, where he became a senior resident before undertaking post-doctoral studies in interventional and structural cardiology at the Montreal Heart Institute between 2006 and 2009. Returning to the HUG as a senior resident in interventional cardiology, he was appointed staff physician and privat-docent at the Faculty of Medicine in 2013. In May 2017, he was appointed head of the new Structural Cardiology Unit. 

Over the past fifteen years, Stéphane Noble has been involved in the development of catheter-based therapies for structural heart disease, particularly in the treatment of aortic stenosis (TAVI) and mitral valve repair (TEER or transcatheter edge-to-edge repair) and, more recently, tricuspid valve repair. He is also active in the SwissTAVI national registry and manages several prospective databases on structural heart disease. His research also focuses on haemodynamics and the treatment of pulmonary involvement in the context of chronic thromboembolic disease. He was appointed assistant professor in the Department of Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine in 2019, then tenured associate professor in December 2025.