Domenico Bosco obtained a PhD in Science in 1991, after studying biology at the University of Geneva. Following a thesis on pancreatic secretion, he continued his research at the Department of Morphology of the Faculty of Medicine, then at the Louis-Jeantet research laboratories. His work on the endocrine pancreas (pancreatic islets) led to him being appointed as a biologist in the Department of Surgery at the HUG in 2001 to work on pancreatic cells and Langerhans islet transplantation as an innovative treatment for diabetes. 

His current research focuses on cellular interactions in pancreatic islets, and he is also co-head of the HUG's Cell Isolation and Transplantation Laboratory. In 2009, he was appointed privat-docent and a lecturer in the Department of Surgery, where he teaches histology and embryology, among other subjects. Appointed associate professor in the Department of Surgery in 2015, he is retiring in November 2025.