Antoine Flahault is an MD, a former intern at Paris hospitals, and holder of a PhD in biomathematics. Appointed Professor of Public Health in 2002, he founded the Ecole des Hautes Études en Santé Publique (EHESP) in Rennes, which he directed from 2007 to 2012. He was also co-director of the Virchow-Villermé Centre for Public Health in Paris-Berlin, co-director of the European Academic Alliance for Global Health, and chairman of the European Agency for the Accreditation of Public Health Training.

A specialist in mathematical modelling of epidemics, Antoine Flahault has directed the WHO Collaborating Centre for Electronic Disease Surveillance, coordinated research on chikungunya in the Indian Ocean (Inserm Prize 2006), and was scientific curator of the Epidemik exhibition at the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie (Paris, Rio and Sao Paulo). He has been a member of the board of the Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+) in Zurich since 2019, and a member of the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences since 2023.

He was appointed full professor at the UNIGE Faculty of Medicine in 2014, where he set up and directed the Institute of Global Health (Department of Community Health and Medicine), and at the HUG Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, where he co-chaired the Geneva Health Forum, one of the most important conferences on global health which brings together every year, alongside the World Health Assembly, representatives from the academic, scientific, political and industrial worlds, as well as donors and professionals working in the field. He is appointed Emeritus Professor in October 2025.

Antoine Flahault is also heavily involved in popularising science and communicating with the general public, particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic. His publications include "Covid, le bal masqué" in 2021, and "Prévenez-moi ! Better health at every age" in 2024.